Question 1

Heat of solution

Accepted Answer

A) is never positive ($\Delta$H°soln $\le$ 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is never weaker than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. B) is always positive ($\Delta$H°soln > 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always weaker than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. C) is always zero ($\Delta$H°soln = 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is defined as the average of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. D) is always negative ($\Delta$H°soln < 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always stronger than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. E) may be positive, zero, or negative, depending on the relative strength of the solute-solvent, solute-solute, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. A) is never positive ($\Delta$H°soln $\le$ 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is never weaker than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. B) is always positive ($\Delta$H°soln > 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always weaker than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. C) is always zero ($\Delta$H°soln = 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is defined as the average of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. D) is always negative ($\Delta$H°soln < 0), because the solute-solvent attraction is always stronger than the combination of the solute-solute attraction and solvent-solvent attraction. E) may be positive, zero, or negative, depending on the relative strength of the solute-solvent, solute-solute, and solvent-solvent attractive forces.

Question 2

The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a solution prepared from 2.00 * 102 g of sucrose (C12H22O11)and 3.50 * 102 g water?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.51 mmHg 
B) 16.0 mmHg 
C) 17.0 mmHg 
D) 18.0 mmHg 
E) 19.4 mmHg 
A) 0.51 mmHg 
B) 16.0 mmHg 
C) 17.0 mmHg 
D) 18.0 mmHg 
E) 19.4 mmHg

Question 3

How many liters of ethylene glycol antifreeze (C2H6O2)would you add to your car radiator containing 15.0 L of water if you needed to protect your engine to -17.8°C? (The density of ethylene glycol is 1.1 g/mL. For water, Kf = 1.86°C/m.)

Accepted Answer

Question 4

Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl4?

Accepted Answer

A) NaCl 
B) H2O 
C) NaOH 
D) C8H18 
E) None of these 
A) NaCl 
B) H2O 
C) NaOH 
D) C8H18 
E) None of these

Question 5

At 10S1U1P1$\circ$S1S1P0C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure.What is the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.8 
B) 0.043 
C) 36. 
D) 3.1 
E) 0.13 
A) 3.8 
B) 0.043 
C) 36. 
D) 3.1 
E) 0.13

Question 6

Thyroxine, an important hormone that controls the rate of metabolism in the body, can be isolated from the thyroid gland. If 0.455 g of thyroxine is dissolved in 10.0 g of benzene, the freezing point of the solution is 5.144°C.Pure benzene freezes at 5.444°C and has a Kf of 5.12°C/m.What is the molar mass of thyroxine?

Accepted Answer

Question 7

The solubility of CO2 gas in water

Accepted Answer

A) increases with increasing temperature. 
B) decreases with decreasing temperature. 
C) decreases with increasing temperature. 
D) is not dependent on temperature. 
A) increases with increasing temperature. 
B) decreases with decreasing temperature. 
C) decreases with increasing temperature. 
D) is not dependent on temperature.

Question 8

Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: When sprinkled with sugar, a dish of sliced fruit will form its own juice.

Accepted Answer

The water inside the fruit cel

Question 9

What is the approximate Na+ ion concentration in a 0.75 M Na2CO3 solution?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.375 M 
B) 0.75 M 
C) 1.25 M 
D) 1.50 M 
E) 2.25 M 
A) 0.375 M 
B) 0.75 M 
C) 1.25 M 
D) 1.50 M 
E) 2.25 M

Question 10

Maple syrup is mostly a solution of sucrose in water.Calculate the molality of the syrup if a sample freezes at -0.50°C, assuming the solute is pure sucrose. [For water, Kf is 1.86°C/m.]

Accepted Answer

Question 11

What mass of ethanol, C2H5OH a nonelectrolyte, must be added to 10.0 L of water to give a solution that freezes at -10.0°C? Assume the density of water is 1.0 g/mL. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

Accepted Answer

A) 85.7 kg 
B) 24.8 kg 
C) 5.38 kg 
D) 2.48 kg 
E) 1.17 kg 
A) 85.7 kg 
B) 24.8 kg 
C) 5.38 kg 
D) 2.48 kg 
E) 1.17 kg

Question 12

What is the molarity and molality of a solution that is 10.00 % by mass potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3, 100.11 g/mol)and has a density of 1.0650 g/mL?

Accepted Answer

Question 13

A solution that contains 55.0 g of ascorbic acid (VitaminC)in 250.g of water freezes at -2.34°C. Calculate the molar mass (in units of g/mol)of the solute. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

Accepted Answer

A) 1.26 
B) 10.9 
C) 43.6 
D) 175 
E) 277 
A) 1.26 
B) 10.9 
C) 43.6 
D) 175 
E) 277

Question 14

Some KCl is dissolved in water 25°C, where it completely dissociates.The vapor pressure of pure water at 25°C is 28.3 mmHg. Estimate the mass in grams of KCl needed per liter of pure water to reduce the vapor pressure of water at 25°C by 5%.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some KCl is dissolved in water 25°C,...

Question 15

Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO3)3 solution. This solution has a nitrate ion concentration of

Accepted Answer

A) 0.30 M 
B) 0.90 M 
C) 0.0 M 
D) 8.1 M 
E) 2.7 M 
A) 0.30 M 
B) 0.90 M 
C) 0.0 M 
D) 8.1 M 
E) 2.7 M

Question 16

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100.g of benzene by 0.47°C? Kf of benzene is 5.12°C/m.

Accepted Answer

A) 92.6 g/mol 
B) 78.0 g/mol 
C) 10.7 g/mol 
D) 81.8 g/mol 
E) 927 g/mol 
A) 92.6 g/mol 
B) 78.0 g/mol 
C) 10.7 g/mol 
D) 81.8 g/mol 
E) 927 g/mol

Question 17

The term "proof" is defined as twice the percent by volume of pure ethanol in solution.A solution that is 95% ethanol is 190 proof.What is the molarity of ethanol in a 92-proof ethanol/water solution? (Given: density of ethanol = 0.80 g/cm3; density of water = 1.0 g/cm3)

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Automobile radiators usually carry a sticker that indicates that they must contain an antifreeze solution for proper operation, winter or summer.Why should you not use ordinary water during the summer?

Accepted Answer

The antifreeze will lower the vapor pres

Question 19

Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: Drinking salt water actually dehydrates our tissues.

Accepted Answer

The water passes fro

Question 20

When 24.0 g of glucose (a nonelectrolyte)are dissolved in 500.g of water, the solution has a freezing point of -0.47°C. What is the molar mass of glucose? Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

Accepted Answer

A) 41.9 g 
B) 47.5 g 
C) 54.9 g 
D) 178 g 
E) 190.g 
A) 41.9 g 
B) 47.5 g 
C) 54.9 g 
D) 178 g 
E) 190.g

Exam 12: Physical Properties of Solutions

Heat of solution

The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a solution prepared from 2.00 * 102 g of sucrose (C12H22O11)and 3.50 * 102 g water?

How many liters of ethylene glycol antifreeze (C2H6O2)would you add to your car radiator containing 15.0 L of water if you needed to protect your engine to -17.8°C? (The density of ethylene glycol is 1.1 g/mL. For water, Kf = 1.86°C/m.)

Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl4?

At 10 ∘\circ∘ C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure.What is the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?

The solubility of CO2 gas in water

Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: When sprinkled with sugar, a dish of sliced fruit will form its own juice.

What is the approximate Na+ ion concentration in a 0.75 M Na2CO3 solution?

Maple syrup is mostly a solution of sucrose in water.Calculate the molality of the syrup if a sample freezes at -0.50°C, assuming the solute is pure sucrose. [For water, Kf is 1.86°C/m.]

What mass of ethanol, C2H5OH a nonelectrolyte, must be added to 10.0 L of water to give a solution that freezes at -10.0°C? Assume the density of water is 1.0 g/mL. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

What is the molarity and molality of a solution that is 10.00 % by mass potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO3, 100.11 g/mol)and has a density of 1.0650 g/mL?

A solution that contains 55.0 g of ascorbic acid (VitaminC)in 250.g of water freezes at -2.34°C. Calculate the molar mass (in units of g/mol)of the solute. Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

Some KCl is dissolved in water 25°C, where it completely dissociates.The vapor pressure of pure water at 25°C is 28.3 mmHg. Estimate the mass in grams of KCl needed per liter of pure water to reduce the vapor pressure of water at 25°C by 5%.

Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO3)3 solution. This solution has a nitrate ion concentration of

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100.g of benzene by 0.47°C? Kf of benzene is 5.12°C/m.

The term "proof" is defined as twice the percent by volume of pure ethanol in solution.A solution that is 95% ethanol is 190 proof.What is the molarity of ethanol in a 92-proof ethanol/water solution? (Given: density of ethanol = 0.80 g/cm3; density of water = 1.0 g/cm3)

Automobile radiators usually carry a sticker that indicates that they must contain an antifreeze solution for proper operation, winter or summer.Why should you not use ordinary water during the summer?

Explain the following, on the basis of osmosis or osmotic pressure: Drinking salt water actually dehydrates our tissues.

When 24.0 g of glucose (a nonelectrolyte)are dissolved in 500.g of water, the solution has a freezing point of -0.47°C. What is the molar mass of glucose? Kf of water is 1.86°C/m.

Chemistry: The Study of Change

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Gases

Thermo-Chemistry

Quantum Theory and the Electronic Structure of Atoms

Periodic Relationships Among the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts

Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Geometry and Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals

Intermolecular Forces and Liquids and Solids

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Acid-Base Equilibria and Solubility Equilibria

Chemistry in the Atmosphere

Entropy, Free Energy, and Equilibrium

Electrochemistry

Metallurgy and the Chemistry of Metals

Nonmetallic Elements and Their Compounds

Transition Metal Chemistry and Coordination Compounds

Nuclear Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

Synthetic and Natural Organic Polymers

Filters

The vapor pressure of water at 20°C is 17.5 mmHg. What is the vapor pressure of water over a solution prepared from 2.00 * 10² g of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)and 3.50 * 10² g water?

How many liters of ethylene glycol antifreeze (C₂H₆O₂)would you add to your car radiator containing 15.0 L of water if you needed to protect your engine to -17.8°C? (The density of ethylene glycol is 1.1 g/mL. For water, K_f = 1.86°C/m.)

Which of the following compounds should be soluble in CCl₄?

At 10^$\circ$C one volume of water dissolves 3.10 volumes of chlorine gas at 1.00 atm pressure.What is the Henry's Law constant in mol/L·atm?

The solubility of CO₂ gas in water

What is the approximate Na⁺ ion concentration in a 0.75 M Na₂CO₃ solution?

Maple syrup is mostly a solution of sucrose in water.Calculate the molality of the syrup if a sample freezes at -0.50°C, assuming the solute is pure sucrose. [For water, K_f is 1.86°C/m.]

What mass of ethanol, C₂H₅OH a nonelectrolyte, must be added to 10.0 L of water to give a solution that freezes at -10.0°C? Assume the density of water is 1.0 g/mL. K_f of water is 1.86°C/m.

What is the molarity and molality of a solution that is 10.00 % by mass potassium hydrogen carbonate (KHCO₃, 100.11 g/mol)and has a density of 1.0650 g/mL?

A solution that contains 55.0 g of ascorbic acid (VitaminC)in 250.g of water freezes at -2.34°C. Calculate the molar mass (in units of g/mol)of the solute. K_f of water is 1.86°C/m.

Consider a 0.90 M Al(NO₃)₃ solution. This solution has a nitrate ion concentration of

What is the molar mass of toluene if 0.85 g of toluene depresses the freezing point of 100.g of benzene by 0.47°C? K_f of benzene is 5.12°C/m.

The term "proof" is defined as twice the percent by volume of pure ethanol in solution.A solution that is 95% ethanol is 190 proof.What is the molarity of ethanol in a 92-proof ethanol/water solution? (Given: density of ethanol = 0.80 g/cm³; density of water = 1.0 g/cm³)

When 24.0 g of glucose (a nonelectrolyte)are dissolved in 500.g of water, the solution has a freezing point of -0.47°C. What is the molar mass of glucose? K_f of water is 1.86°C/m.