Question 1

Compare and contrast the Kirby-Bauer test and the E test.Why are these not appropriate procedures for determining whether an antimicrobial agent is microbicidal?

Accepted Answer

The Kirby-Bauer method and the E test ar

Question 2

Identify and describe five factors that contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance in today's world.

Accepted Answer

Factors that contribute to increasing an

Question 3

Which of the following is a superinfection pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract associated with the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Bacillus subtilis 
E) Staphylococcus aureus 
A) Escherichia coli 
B) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
C) Clostridium difficile 
D) Bacillus subtilis 
E) Staphylococcus aureus

Question 4

Describe the four types of protective mechanism microbes use to develop resistance to antibiotics.Provide an example of each type.

Accepted Answer

The four types of protective mechanism a

Question 5

Explain the testing process through which potential new antibiotics must pass before therapeutic use in humans is considered.

Accepted Answer

Once a potentially useful ne antibiotic

Question 6

Describe six approaches being used to identify novel microbial structures or functions that may be potential new antibiotic targets.

Accepted Answer

The approaches used to identify potentia

Question 7

Which of the following is not a mechanism for acquiring resistance to antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A) Alteration of a metabolic pathway 
B) Modification of the component targeted by the antibiotic 
C) Inactivation of the antibiotic by enzymatic breakdown 
D) Using an efflux pump to transport antibiotics out of the cell once they have entered 
E) Increasing the growth rate to decrease inhibitory concentrations 
A) Alteration of a metabolic pathway 
B) Modification of the component targeted by the antibiotic 
C) Inactivation of the antibiotic by enzymatic breakdown 
D) Using an efflux pump to transport antibiotics out of the cell once they have entered 
E) Increasing the growth rate to decrease inhibitory concentrations

Question 8

Which of the following accounts for more than 90% of all vancomycin-resistant bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) Escherichia coli 
D) Clostridium difficile 
E) Enterococcus faecalis 
A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B) Staphylococcus aureus 
C) Escherichia coli 
D) Clostridium difficile 
E) Enterococcus faecalis

Question 9

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibiotic resistance genes account for 20 percent of the total S. aureus genome 
B) The chromosome of MRSA contains 3-4 resistance islands 
C) The mecA gene confers resistance to vancomycin 
D) Mobile genetic elements in MRSA carry fewer than 15 resistance-conferring gene clusters 
A) Antibiotic resistance genes account for 20 percent of the total S. aureus genome 
B) The chromosome of MRSA contains 3-4 resistance islands 
C) The mecA gene confers resistance to vancomycin 
D) Mobile genetic elements in MRSA carry fewer than 15 resistance-conferring gene clusters

Question 10

With reference to antibiotic resistance in MRSA,which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Accepted Answer

A) β-lactam antibiotic resistance: mecA gene 
B) Mobile genetic elements: more than 20 resistance-conferring gene clusters 
C) Tetracycline resistance: efflux pumps 
D) Alteration of ribosomes: erythromycin resistance 
E) Antibiotic resistance genes: 7% of genome 
A) β-lactam antibiotic resistance: mecA gene 
B) Mobile genetic elements: more than 20 resistance-conferring gene clusters 
C) Tetracycline resistance: efflux pumps 
D) Alteration of ribosomes: erythromycin resistance 
E) Antibiotic resistance genes: 7% of genome

Question 11

Which of the following antibiotics is MRSA not resistant to?

Accepted Answer

A) Aminoglucosides 
B) Methicillin 
C) Tetracyclines 
D) Vancomycin 
E) Erythromycin 
A) Aminoglucosides 
B) Methicillin 
C) Tetracyclines 
D) Vancomycin 
E) Erythromycin

Question 12

Which of the following is a mismatched pair in reference to antibiotic compounds composed of peptide fragments and where they are derived from?

Accepted Answer

A) Drosocin: insects 
B) Nisin: Gram-positive bacteria 
C) Apidaecin: insects 
D) Defensins: Gram-negative bacteria 
E) lantibiotics: Gram-positive bacteria 
A) Drosocin: insects 
B) Nisin: Gram-positive bacteria 
C) Apidaecin: insects 
D) Defensins: Gram-negative bacteria 
E) lantibiotics: Gram-positive bacteria

Question 13

Identify six important ways in which the life span of antimicrobial drugs can be extended for health care use.

Accepted Answer

The useful lifespan of drugs can be incr

Question 14

Specialized membrane proteins are activated in which type of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

A) Drug inactivation 
B) Target modification 
C) Efflux pumping 
D) Alternate pathway 
A) Drug inactivation 
B) Target modification 
C) Efflux pumping 
D) Alternate pathway

Question 15

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: In large cities the transfer of a contagious disease or antibiotic-resistant pathogen is more easily accomplished because the population is more spread out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)is determined using the

Accepted Answer

A) Kirby-Bauer method 
B) E test 
C) Disk diffusion method 
D) Broth dilution test 
A) Kirby-Bauer method 
B) E test 
C) Disk diffusion method 
D) Broth dilution test

Question 17

Locations in the bacterial genome where antibiotic resistance genes integrate and accumulate are known as

Accepted Answer

A) Integrons 
B) Resistance islands 
C) Superinfection sites 
D) Opportunistic sites 
A) Integrons 
B) Resistance islands 
C) Superinfection sites 
D) Opportunistic sites

Exam 20: Antibiotic Resistance

Compare and contrast the Kirby-Bauer test and the E test.Why are these not appropriate procedures for determining whether an antimicrobial agent is microbicidal?

Identify and describe five factors that contribute to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance in today's world.

Which of the following is a superinfection pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract associated with the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics?

Describe the four types of protective mechanism microbes use to develop resistance to antibiotics.Provide an example of each type.

Explain the testing process through which potential new antibiotics must pass before therapeutic use in humans is considered.

Describe six approaches being used to identify novel microbial structures or functions that may be potential new antibiotic targets.

Which of the following is not a mechanism for acquiring resistance to antibiotics?

Which of the following accounts for more than 90% of all vancomycin-resistant bacteria?

Which of the following statements is true?

With reference to antibiotic resistance in MRSA,which of the following is a mismatched pair?

Which of the following antibiotics is MRSA not resistant to?

Which of the following is a mismatched pair in reference to antibiotic compounds composed of peptide fragments and where they are derived from?

Identify six important ways in which the life span of antimicrobial drugs can be extended for health care use.

Specialized membrane proteins are activated in which type of antibiotic resistance?

Answer true or false to the reason given in the following statement: In large cities the transfer of a contagious disease or antibiotic-resistant pathogen is more easily accomplished because the population is more spread out.

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)is determined using the

Locations in the bacterial genome where antibiotic resistance genes integrate and accumulate are known as

What is Microbiology and Why Does it Matter?

Fundamental Chemistry for Microbiology

Essentials of Metabolism

An Introduction to Cell Structure and Host-Pathogen Relationships

Requirements for Infection

Transmission of Infection, the Compromised Host, Epidemiology, and Diagnosing Infections

Principles of Disease

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Disease

The Clinical Significance of Bacterial Anatomy

Bacterial Growth

Microbial Genetics and Infectious Disease

The Structure and Infection Cycle of Viruses

Viral Infection

Parasitic and Fungal Infections

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Failures of the Immune Response

Control of Microbial Growth with Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Drugs

Infections of the Respiratory System

Infections of the Digestive System

Infections of the Genitourinary System

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Infections of the Blood and Lymph

Infections of the Skin and Eyes

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