Exam 2: The Evolution of Management Thought

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Apple's external environment is changing rapidly and it responds by decentralizing decisions to lower-level managers so that the organization can react faster.Apple is said to be organized under:

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Some organizations design reporting relationships in which an employee reports to two superiors instead of to only one superior.As a result,this employee may have access to two managers who have different skills and expertise.Such a practice,however,can easily create serious problems for the employee.Discuss three of these problems that can occur under this management structure and explain why a reporting relationship to a single superior is a better way to design an organization.

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Fayol's principle of initiative suggests:

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Norms are written,formal codes of conduct which prescribe how workers should act in particular situations.

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Unwritten,informal codes of conduct which prescribe how workers should act in specific work situations are known as:

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According to the principles of Scientific Management,the way to create the most efficient work system was by having workers perform both more tasks and more complex tasks.

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When an organization experiences performance gains caused by two or more departments coordinating their efforts,the organization is said to be experiencing:

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According to Fayol,the greater the number of levels in the management hierarchy,the __________ communication takes between managers at the top and bottom of the organization and the __________ the pace of planning and organizing.

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Management science theory is a contemporary approach to management that focuses on the use of rigorous qualitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources to produce goods and services.

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An organization that has a comprehensive long range plan that guides the direction of every department within the organization is following Fayol's principle of:

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The idea of "lean manufacturing" relies on workers performing narrow,specialized tasks.

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A system which takes resources from its external environment and converts them into goods that are then sent back into that environment is known as:

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Fayol's principles of order can be illustrated by:

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An organization that has developed respectful relations between organizational members and reflects the quality of an organization's leadership and a manager's ability to act fairly and equitably is a result Fayol's principle of:

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"Informal authority" can result from all the following EXCEPT:

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Trader Joe's approach to management is to create a policy of promotion from within the company so that the highest-performing salespeople could rise to become store captains and beyond in the organization.Trader Joe's always recognizes the need to treat employees (people)in a fair and equitable way.This philosophy of management is consistent with Theory Y.

(True/False)
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In the Hawthorne studies,researchers found that as they raised and lowered the level of illumination,the workers' productivity increased.

(True/False)
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According to Fayol's principles,workers should be given more job duties to perform but should be encouraged to assume less responsibility for their work outcomes.

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Organizations that are likely to experience entropy have all the characteristics EXCEPT:

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Fayol did recommend the use of organizational charts to show the position and duties of managers within the organization.

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