Question 1

Acetylcholine is excitatory at the neuromuscular junction,but inhibitory at the SA node.Explain why this is true.

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine receptors in heart muscle

Question 2

Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate by

Accepted Answer

A)  just increasing ion influx, thus increasing the rate of depolarization. 
B)  just increasing the permeability to Ca2+. 
C)  just increasing the permeability to K+. 
D)  just decreasing the permeability to Ca2+. 
E)  increasing the permeability to K+ and decreasing the permeability to Ca2+. 
A)  just increasing ion influx, thus increasing the rate of depolarization. 
B)  just increasing the permeability to Ca2+. 
C)  just increasing the permeability to K+. 
D)  just decreasing the permeability to Ca2+. 
E)  increasing the permeability to K+ and decreasing the permeability to Ca2+.

Question 3

Drugs known as calcium channel blockers can be used to

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the force of cardiac contraction. 
B)  increase blood pressure. 
C)  constrict the coronary arteries. 
D)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium. 
E)  increase stroke volume. 
A)  decrease the force of cardiac contraction. 
B)  increase blood pressure. 
C)  constrict the coronary arteries. 
D)  increase sympathetic stimulation of the myocardium. 
E)  increase stroke volume.

Question 4

The end of the plateau phase is due to the ________ of Ca2+ channels and ________ of K+ channels.

Accepted Answer

A)  opening, opening 
B)  closing, closing 
C)  opening, closing 
D)  closing, opening 
A)  opening, opening 
B)  closing, closing 
C)  opening, closing 
D)  closing, opening

Question 5

During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells,which ion(s)is/are crossing the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+ only 
B)  K+ only 
C)  Na+ only 
D)  both Ca2+ and K+ 
E)  both Na+ and K+ 
A)  Ca2+ only 
B)  K+ only 
C)  Na+ only 
D)  both Ca2+ and K+ 
E)  both Na+ and K+

Question 6

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-When a blood vessel dilates,blood viscosity is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 7

If the EDV is 140 mL,which other values are most likely to occur in a healthy,normal person?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ESV could be 70 mL and the SV could be 90 mL. 
B)  The ESV could be 90 mL and the SV could be 50 mL. 
C)  The ESV could be 50 mL and the SV could be 90 mL. 
D)  The cardiac output could be 90 mL. 
E)  Diastolic pressure would be equal to EDV. 
A)  The ESV could be 70 mL and the SV could be 90 mL. 
B)  The ESV could be 90 mL and the SV could be 50 mL. 
C)  The ESV could be 50 mL and the SV could be 90 mL. 
D)  The cardiac output could be 90 mL. 
E)  Diastolic pressure would be equal to EDV.

Question 8

The cardiac output is equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume. 
B)  the product of heart rate and stroke volume. 
C)  the difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise. 
D)  the stroke volume less the end-systolic volume. 
E)  the product of heart rate and blood pressure. 
A)  the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume. 
B)  the product of heart rate and stroke volume. 
C)  the difference between the stroke volume at rest and the stroke volume during exercise. 
D)  the stroke volume less the end-systolic volume. 
E)  the product of heart rate and blood pressure.

Question 9

What are ryanodine receptors? What type of tissue are they present in? Are all ryanodine receptors regulated in the same way? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

Ryanodine receptors are calcium channels

Question 10

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-When a blood vessel dilates,resistance through that vessel is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 11

The AV node delays the transmission of action potentials slightly to allow ________.

Accepted Answer

the atria to complet

Question 12

The importance of the plateau phase of the action potential of myocardial cells is in

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing overstretching of the cells. 
B)  enhancing the efficiency of oxygen use by the cells. 
C)  preventing tetanus. 
D)  preventing fibrillation. 
E)  regulating Ca2+ availability to the cells. 
A)  preventing overstretching of the cells. 
B)  enhancing the efficiency of oxygen use by the cells. 
C)  preventing tetanus. 
D)  preventing fibrillation. 
E)  regulating Ca2+ availability to the cells.

Question 13

Match each term with its definition.
-the amount of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of the heart during one contraction

Accepted Answer

A) cardiac output (CO) 
B) heart rate (HR) 
C) end-diastolic volume (EDV) 
D) stroke volume (SV) 
E) end-systolic volume (ESV) 
A) cardiac output (CO) 
B) heart rate (HR) 
C) end-diastolic volume (EDV) 
D) stroke volume (SV) 
E) end-systolic volume (ESV)

Question 14

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described.
-If total cross-sectional area of vessels in an organ remains the same but blood flow to that organ increases,what happens to velocity of blood?

Accepted Answer

A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped 
A) increased 
B) decreased 
C) unchanged 
D) stopped

Question 15

The driving force for blood flow is a(n)________ gradient.

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic 
B)  volume 
C)  pressure 
D)  gravity 
A)  osmotic 
B)  volume 
C)  pressure 
D)  gravity

Question 16

In the 16th century,William Harvey discovered evidence that

Accepted Answer

A)  the cardiovascular system transports blood and air. 
B)  the cardiovascular system is an open system. 
C)  arteries and veins are linked by capillaries. 
D)  blood is recirculated instead of consumed. 
E)  the liver manufactures blood. 
A)  the cardiovascular system transports blood and air. 
B)  the cardiovascular system is an open system. 
C)  arteries and veins are linked by capillaries. 
D)  blood is recirculated instead of consumed. 
E)  the liver manufactures blood.

Question 17

During ventricular ejection,

Accepted Answer

A)  the ventricles are in systole. 
B)  the QRS complex is just starting. 
C)  the semilunar valves are closed. 
D)  the AV valves are open. 
E)  blood is forced into veins. 
A)  the ventricles are in systole. 
B)  the QRS complex is just starting. 
C)  the semilunar valves are closed. 
D)  the AV valves are open. 
E)  blood is forced into veins.

Question 18

Compare the flow rates (Q)of tubes one and two,assuming the following parameters:
Tube one: ΔP = 30,r = 3,L = 20.Tube two: ΔP = 60,r = 4,L = 10.

Accepted Answer

Q @#IMG-DLM& ΔP/(L/r⁴)∙ Q₁ @#IMG-DLM& 30/(20/3⁴)= 121

Question 19

Under which set of circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be the greatest?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sympathetic stimulation 
B)  decreased sympathetic stimulation 
C)  increased parasympathetic stimulation 
D)  decreased parasympathetic stimulation 
E)  both increased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic stimulation 
A)  increased sympathetic stimulation 
B)  decreased sympathetic stimulation 
C)  increased parasympathetic stimulation 
D)  decreased parasympathetic stimulation 
E)  both increased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic stimulation

Question 20

Name four questions related to heart function that you could answer by examining an ECG and one abnormal condition that may be indicated by each function.

Accepted Answer

1.What is the heart rate? Abnormal value

Exam 14: Cardiovascular Physiology

Acetylcholine is excitatory at the neuromuscular junction,but inhibitory at the SA node.Explain why this is true.

Sympathetic stimulation increases the heart rate by

Drugs known as calcium channel blockers can be used to

The end of the plateau phase is due to the ________ of Ca2+ channels and ________ of K+ channels.

During the plateau phase of the action potentials of myocardial contractile cells,which ion(s)is/are crossing the membrane?

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -When a blood vessel dilates,blood viscosity is ________.

If the EDV is 140 mL,which other values are most likely to occur in a healthy,normal person?

The cardiac output is equal to

What are ryanodine receptors? What type of tissue are they present in? Are all ryanodine receptors regulated in the same way? Explain your answer.

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -When a blood vessel dilates,resistance through that vessel is ________.

The AV node delays the transmission of action potentials slightly to allow ________.

The importance of the plateau phase of the action potential of myocardial cells is in

Match each term with its definition. -the amount of blood in the ventricle available to be pumped out of the heart during one contraction

Match the change with the cardiovascular event described. -If total cross-sectional area of vessels in an organ remains the same but blood flow to that organ increases,what happens to velocity of blood?

The driving force for blood flow is a(n)________ gradient.

In the 16th century,William Harvey discovered evidence that

During ventricular ejection,

Compare the flow rates (Q)of tubes one and two,assuming the following parameters: Tube one: ΔP = 30,r = 3,L = 20.Tube two: ΔP = 60,r = 4,L = 10.

Under which set of circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be the greatest?

Name four questions related to heart function that you could answer by examining an ECG and one abnormal condition that may be indicated by each function.

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

The end of the plateau phase is due to the of Ca²⁺ channels and of K⁺ channels.