Question 1

Which of the following has become the first-line hemodynamic assessment tool in the critical care unit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Echocardiogram 
B)  ECG 
C)  Exercise stress test 
D)  24-hour Holter monitor 
A)  Echocardiogram 
B)  ECG 
C)  Exercise stress test 
D)  24-hour Holter monitor

Question 2

Increased preload

Accepted Answer

A)  always increases cardiac output. 
B)  never increases cardiac output. 
C)  increases cardiac output in some cases. 
D)  has no relation to cardiac output. 
A)  always increases cardiac output. 
B)  never increases cardiac output. 
C)  increases cardiac output in some cases. 
D)  has no relation to cardiac output.

Question 3

Which of the following expresses the correct order when working with an invasive pressure monitor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
B)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, level the transducer, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
C)  Take the reading, level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, and zero the transducer. 
D)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, level the transducer, and take the reading. 
A)  Level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
B)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, level the transducer, zero the transducer, and take the reading. 
C)  Take the reading, level the transducer, locate the phlebostatic axis, and zero the transducer. 
D)  Locate the phlebostatic axis, zero the transducer, level the transducer, and take the reading.

Question 4

The rationale for giving the patient additional fluids after a cardiac catheterization is that

Accepted Answer

A)  fluids help keep the femoral vein from clotting at the puncture site. 
B)  the patient had a nothing-by-mouth order before the procedure. 
C)  the radiopaque contrast acts as an osmotic diuretic. 
D)  fluids increase cardiac output. 
A)  fluids help keep the femoral vein from clotting at the puncture site. 
B)  the patient had a nothing-by-mouth order before the procedure. 
C)  the radiopaque contrast acts as an osmotic diuretic. 
D)  fluids increase cardiac output.

Question 5

A 52-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with reports of substernal chest pain.A history is taken; serum creatine kinase (CK)and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)isoenzymes and serum lipid studies are ordered,as is a 12-lead ECG.Which of the following results is most significant in diagnosing an MI during the first 12 hours of chest pain?

Accepted Answer

A)  ECG-inverted T waves 
B)  Serum enzymes-elevated LDH4 
C)  Serum enzymes-elevated CK-MB 
D)  Patient history-substernal chest pain 
A)  ECG-inverted T waves 
B)  Serum enzymes-elevated LDH4 
C)  Serum enzymes-elevated CK-MB 
D)  Patient history-substernal chest pain

Question 6

A patient asks why he had to take a deep breath when the radiology technician took his chest radiograph.Which of the following would be the best response?

Accepted Answer

A)  It gets the chest wall closer to the machine. 
B)  Lungs filled with air give a clearer picture. 
C)  It decreases the error caused by motion. 
D)  It makes the heart appear larger. 
A)  It gets the chest wall closer to the machine. 
B)  Lungs filled with air give a clearer picture. 
C)  It decreases the error caused by motion. 
D)  It makes the heart appear larger.

Question 7

Which of the following is most indicative of decreased left ventricular preload?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased PAOP/PAWP 
B)  Decreased PAOP/PAWP 
C)  Increased CVP 
D)  Decreased CVP 
A)  Increased PAOP/PAWP 
B)  Decreased PAOP/PAWP 
C)  Increased CVP 
D)  Decreased CVP

Question 8

After an MI,a patient presents with an increasing frequency of PVCs.The patient's heart rate is 110 beats/min,and ECG indicates a sinus rhythm with up to five unifocal PVCs per minute.Which of the following should be done? The patient is alert and responsive and denies any chest pain or dyspnea.

Accepted Answer

A)  Administer lidocaine 100 mg bolus IV push stat. 
B)  Administer Cardizem 20 mg IV push stat. 
C)  Notify the physician and monitor the patient closely. 
D)  Nothing; PVCs are expected in this patient. 
A)  Administer lidocaine 100 mg bolus IV push stat. 
B)  Administer Cardizem 20 mg IV push stat. 
C)  Notify the physician and monitor the patient closely. 
D)  Nothing; PVCs are expected in this patient.

Question 9

Which of the following cardiac enzymes is a highly specific biomarker for myocardial damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  CK-MB 
B)  Troponin I 
C)  Troponin T 
D)  LDH 
A)  CK-MB 
B)  Troponin I 
C)  Troponin T 
D)  LDH

Question 10

The blood test used to standardize PT results among clinical laboratories worldwide is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  aPTT. 
B)  ACT. 
C)  HDL. 
D)  INR. 
A)  aPTT. 
B)  ACT. 
C)  HDL. 
D)  INR.

Question 11

The value of SVO2 monitoring is to determine

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen saturation at the capillary level. 
B)  an imbalance between oxygen supply and metabolic tissue demand. 
C)  the diffusion of gases at the alveolar capillary membrane. 
D)  the predicted cardiac output for acute pulmonary edema. 
A)  oxygen saturation at the capillary level. 
B)  an imbalance between oxygen supply and metabolic tissue demand. 
C)  the diffusion of gases at the alveolar capillary membrane. 
D)  the predicted cardiac output for acute pulmonary edema.

Question 12

The patient's admitting 12-lead ECG shows wide,M-shaped P waves.Which of the following admitting diagnoses could be responsible for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mitral stenosis 
B)  Chronic pulmonary disease 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Pericarditis 
A)  Mitral stenosis 
B)  Chronic pulmonary disease 
C)  Hypotension 
D)  Pericarditis

Question 13

A physician orders removal of the central venous catheter (CVC)line.The patient has a diagnosis of heart failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The nurse would place the patient in what position for this procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Supine in bed 
B)  Supine in a chair 
C)  Flat in bed 
D)  Reverse Trendelenburg position 
A)  Supine in bed 
B)  Supine in a chair 
C)  Flat in bed 
D)  Reverse Trendelenburg position

Question 14

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular tachycardia 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Supraventricular tachycardia 
D)  Torsades de pointes 
A)  Ventricular tachycardia 
B)  Ventricular fibrillation 
C)  Supraventricular tachycardia 
D)  Torsades de pointes

Question 15

Identify the rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia 
A)  Junctional escape rhythm 
B)  Atrial fibrillation 
C)  Unifocal premature ventricular contractions 
D)  Ventricular tachycardia

Question 16

New-onset atrial fibrillation can be serious for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the risk of stroke and pulmonary embolism from atrial clots. 
B)  It increases the patient's risk of deep venous thrombosis. 
C)  It may increase cardiac output to dangerous levels. 
D)  It indicates that the patient is about to have an MI. 
A)  It increases the risk of stroke and pulmonary embolism from atrial clots. 
B)  It increases the patient's risk of deep venous thrombosis. 
C)  It may increase cardiac output to dangerous levels. 
D)  It indicates that the patient is about to have an MI.

Question 17

The target INR range is

Accepted Answer

A)  1.0 to 2.0. 
B)  1.5 to 3.0. 
C)  1.5 to 2.5. 
D)  2.0 to 3.0. 
A)  1.0 to 2.0. 
B)  1.5 to 3.0. 
C)  1.5 to 2.5. 
D)  2.0 to 3.0.

Question 18

A patient with heart failure may be at risk for hypomagnesemia as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  pump failure. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  fluid overload. 
D)  hemodilution. 
A)  pump failure. 
B)  diuretic use. 
C)  fluid overload. 
D)  hemodilution.

Question 19

Which of the following conditions can cause an artificial increase in the PAOP/PCWP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aortic regurgitation 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Mitral stenosis 
D)  Mitral regurgitation 
A)  Aortic regurgitation 
B)  Aortic stenosis 
C)  Mitral stenosis 
D)  Mitral regurgitation

Question 20

What is the initial intervention in a patient with sinus tachycardia with the following vital signs: HR,136 beats/min; BP,102/60 mm Hg; RR,24 breaths/min; T,99.2° F; SpO2,94% on oxygen 2 L/min by nasal cannula?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stat adenosine to decrease heart rate 
B)  Identification and correction of the cause of the increased heart rate 
C)  Sublingual nitroglycerine 0.4 mg 
D)  Lidocaine 75 mg IV push 
A)  Stat adenosine to decrease heart rate 
B)  Identification and correction of the cause of the increased heart rate 
C)  Sublingual nitroglycerine 0.4 mg 
D)  Lidocaine 75 mg IV push

Exam 14: Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures

Which of the following has become the first-line hemodynamic assessment tool in the critical care unit?

Increased preload

Which of the following expresses the correct order when working with an invasive pressure monitor?

The rationale for giving the patient additional fluids after a cardiac catheterization is that

A patient asks why he had to take a deep breath when the radiology technician took his chest radiograph.Which of the following would be the best response?

Which of the following is most indicative of decreased left ventricular preload?

After an MI,a patient presents with an increasing frequency of PVCs.The patient's heart rate is 110 beats/min,and ECG indicates a sinus rhythm with up to five unifocal PVCs per minute.Which of the following should be done? The patient is alert and responsive and denies any chest pain or dyspnea.

Which of the following cardiac enzymes is a highly specific biomarker for myocardial damage?

The blood test used to standardize PT results among clinical laboratories worldwide is known as

The value of SVO2 monitoring is to determine

The patient's admitting 12-lead ECG shows wide,M-shaped P waves.Which of the following admitting diagnoses could be responsible for this finding?

A physician orders removal of the central venous catheter (CVC)line.The patient has a diagnosis of heart failure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The nurse would place the patient in what position for this procedure?

Identify the rhythm.

Identify the rhythm.

New-onset atrial fibrillation can be serious for which of the following reasons?

The target INR range is

A patient with heart failure may be at risk for hypomagnesemia as a result of

Which of the following conditions can cause an artificial increase in the PAOP/PCWP?

What is the initial intervention in a patient with sinus tachycardia with the following vital signs: HR,136 beats/min; BP,102/60 mm Hg; RR,24 breaths/min; T,99.2° F; SpO2,94% on oxygen 2 L/min by nasal cannula?

Critical Care Nursing Practice

Ethical Issues

Legal Issues

Genetics and Genomics in Critical Care

Patient and Family Education

Psychosocial and Spiritual Alterations and Management

Sleep Alterations and Management

Nutrition Alterations and Management

Pain and Pain Management

Sedation,Agitation,Delirium: Assessment and Management

End-Of-Life Issues

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment

Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management

Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

Pulmonary Clinical Assessment

Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures

Pulmonary Disorders

Pulmonary Therapeutic Management

Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Trauma

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Burns

Organ Donation and Transplantation

Hematologic Disorders and Oncologic Emergencies

The Obstetric Patient

The Pediatric Patient

The Older Adult Patient

The Perianesthesia Patient

Filters

The value of SVO₂ monitoring is to determine

What is the initial intervention in a patient with sinus tachycardia with the following vital signs: HR,136 beats/min; BP,102/60 mm Hg; RR,24 breaths/min; T,99.2° F; SpO₂,94% on oxygen 2 L/min by nasal cannula?