Question 1

Which of the following factors stimulate the release of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypernatremia 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Opioids and oral hypoglycemics 
E)  Severe physical and emotional stress 
A)  Hypovolemia 
B)  Hypernatremia 
C)  Hypothermia 
D)  Opioids and oral hypoglycemics 
E)  Severe physical and emotional stress A,D,E

Question 2

Which type of intravenous fluid will not create a shift of fluids within the vascular space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Osmotic pressure 
A)  Hypertonic 
B)  Hypotonic 
C)  Isotonic 
D)  Osmotic pressure C

Question 3

To prevent acid-base disturbances,the ratio between carbonic acid and bicarbonate should be

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mEq of carbonic acid to 20 mEq of bicarbonate. 
B)  20 mEq of carbonic acid to 10 mEq of bicarbonate. 
C)  1 mEq of carbonic acid to 20 mEq of bicarbonate. 
D)  20 mEq of carbonic acid to 1 mEq of bicarbonate. 
A)  10 mEq of carbonic acid to 20 mEq of bicarbonate. 
B)  20 mEq of carbonic acid to 10 mEq of bicarbonate. 
C)  1 mEq of carbonic acid to 20 mEq of bicarbonate. 
D)  20 mEq of carbonic acid to 1 mEq of bicarbonate. C

Question 4

Which electrolyte abnormality is evident early in the course of kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Phosphorus 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Chloride 
D)  Phosphorus

Question 5

The primary waste product(s)that are measured to determine kidney function is/are

Accepted Answer

A)  urea and creatinine. 
B)  creatinine. 
C)  BUN and creatine. 
D)  BUN, sodium, and potassium. 
A)  urea and creatinine. 
B)  creatinine. 
C)  BUN and creatine. 
D)  BUN, sodium, and potassium.

Question 6

The following substances,among others,are found in a urine sample: urea,creatinine,sodium,chlorine,potassium,glucose,and bicarbonate ions.Which of the following could account for this abnormal finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure of 76/30 mm Hg 
B)  Blood glucose of 456 mg/dL 
C)  Blood glucose of 36 mg/dL 
D)  Blood potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L 
A)  Blood pressure of 76/30 mm Hg 
B)  Blood glucose of 456 mg/dL 
C)  Blood glucose of 36 mg/dL 
D)  Blood potassium level of 4.1 mEq/L

Question 7

The substance most responsible for maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  intravascular plasma proteins. 
B)  intracellular potassium. 
C)  extracellular sodium. 
D)  interstitial potassium. 
A)  intravascular plasma proteins. 
B)  intracellular potassium. 
C)  extracellular sodium. 
D)  interstitial potassium.

Question 8

The initial filtering of the blood occurs in which structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  The distal tubule 
B)  The proximal tubule 
C)  The glomerulus 
D)  The collecting tubule 
A)  The distal tubule 
B)  The proximal tubule 
C)  The glomerulus 
D)  The collecting tubule

Question 9

Which electrolytes are cations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium, potassium, and chloride 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate 
C)  Bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium 
D)  Sodium, potassium, and magnesium 
A)  Sodium, potassium, and chloride 
B)  Sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate 
C)  Bicarbonate, chloride, and calcium 
D)  Sodium, potassium, and magnesium

Question 10

For micturition to occur,stimulation from what receptor(s)will cause the parasympathetic messages to contract the detrusor muscle of the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bladder wall and ureters 
B)  Bladder wall and urethra 
C)  Ureters and urethra 
D)  Urethra 
A)  Bladder wall and ureters 
B)  Bladder wall and urethra 
C)  Ureters and urethra 
D)  Urethra

Question 11

The function of aldosterone is primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  excretion of potassium through the renal tubules. 
B)  control of sodium and water. 
C)  regulation of bicarbonate. 
D)  reabsorption of sodium and potassium. 
A)  excretion of potassium through the renal tubules. 
B)  control of sodium and water. 
C)  regulation of bicarbonate. 
D)  reabsorption of sodium and potassium.

Question 12

The mobilization of calcium from bone stores is accomplished through the influence of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
C)  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D)  Erythropoietin 
A)  Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
B)  Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 
C)  Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
D)  Erythropoietin

Question 13

Functions of the kidneys include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of urine 
B)  Blood pressure regulation 
C)  Erythrocyte destruction 
D)  Breakdown of prostaglandins 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance 
A)  Formation of urine 
B)  Blood pressure regulation 
C)  Erythrocyte destruction 
D)  Breakdown of prostaglandins 
E)  Regulation of acid-base balance

Question 14

A patient who is not on any medications is admitted to your unit with severe hypokalemia.Laboratory values taken upon admission to the ED are serum K?,2.2 mEq/L; BUN,15 mg/dL; and creatinine,1.2 mg/dL.Urine output is averaging 45 mL/hr.The ED nurse reports that the patient received a total of 80 mEq of potassium over 4 hours via a right subclavian central venous line.After admission to your unit,the physician orders a repeat potassium level.The result is K?,2.4 mEq/L.What other information would be beneficial at this time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium level 
B)  Repeat creatinine level 
C)  Calcium level 
D)  Hemoglobin level 
A)  Magnesium level 
B)  Repeat creatinine level 
C)  Calcium level 
D)  Hemoglobin level

Question 15

Complications of kidney function in older adults will occur with the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteinuria. 
B)  vasopressin. 
C)  BUN. 
D)  creatine. 
A)  proteinuria. 
B)  vasopressin. 
C)  BUN. 
D)  creatine.

Question 16

Which of the following is most indicative of renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elevated blood-urea-nitrogen 
B)  Congestive heart failure 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Elevated creatinine 
A)  Elevated blood-urea-nitrogen 
B)  Congestive heart failure 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Elevated creatinine

Question 17

Ammonia,hydrogen,and ammonium are secreted in the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  proximal tubule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  glomerulus. 
D)  proximal tubule.

Question 18

Where does the concentration and dilution of urine occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the cortical nephrons 
C)  In the peritubular capillaries 
D)  In the internal nephron 
A)  In the juxtamedullary nephrons 
B)  In the cortical nephrons 
C)  In the peritubular capillaries 
D)  In the internal nephron

Question 19

If the patient's blood pressure drops,which of the following will help maintain adequate glomerular pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the collecting tubule 
D)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole 
A)  Constriction of the afferent arteriole 
B)  Dilation of the efferent arteriole 
C)  Dilation of the collecting tubule 
D)  Constriction of the efferent arteriole

Question 20

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased release of renin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased release of angiotensin I 
B)  Increased release of angiotensin II 
C)  Increased amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Reduced pressure in the glomerulus 
A)  Increased release of angiotensin I 
B)  Increased release of angiotensin II 
C)  Increased amount of sodium in the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  Reduced pressure in the glomerulus

Exam 25: Kidney Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following factors stimulate the release of ADH?

Which type of intravenous fluid will not create a shift of fluids within the vascular space?

To prevent acid-base disturbances,the ratio between carbonic acid and bicarbonate should be

Which electrolyte abnormality is evident early in the course of kidney failure?

The primary waste product(s)that are measured to determine kidney function is/are

The following substances,among others,are found in a urine sample: urea,creatinine,sodium,chlorine,potassium,glucose,and bicarbonate ions.Which of the following could account for this abnormal finding?

The substance most responsible for maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure is

The initial filtering of the blood occurs in which structure?

Which electrolytes are cations?

For micturition to occur,stimulation from what receptor(s)will cause the parasympathetic messages to contract the detrusor muscle of the bladder?

The function of aldosterone is primarily

The mobilization of calcium from bone stores is accomplished through the influence of which hormone?

Functions of the kidneys include which of the following?

Complications of kidney function in older adults will occur with the presence of

Which of the following is most indicative of renal failure?

Ammonia,hydrogen,and ammonium are secreted in the

Where does the concentration and dilution of urine occur?

If the patient's blood pressure drops,which of the following will help maintain adequate glomerular pressure?

Which of the following conditions would result in an increased release of renin?

Critical Care Nursing Practice

Ethical Issues

Legal Issues

Genetics and Genomics in Critical Care

Patient and Family Education

Psychosocial and Spiritual Alterations and Management

Sleep Alterations and Management

Nutrition Alterations and Management

Pain and Pain Management

Sedation,Agitation,Delirium: Assessment and Management

End-Of-Life Issues

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

Cardiovascular Clinical Assessment

Cardiovascular Diagnostic Procedures

Cardiovascular Disorders

Cardiovascular Therapeutic Management

Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

Pulmonary Clinical Assessment

Pulmonary Diagnostic Procedures

Pulmonary Disorders

Pulmonary Therapeutic Management

Neurologic Anatomy and Physiology

Neurologic Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Neurologic Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Kidney Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Kidney Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Gastrointestinal Anatomy and Physiology

Gastrointestinal Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Gastrointestinal Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Endocrine Anatomy and Physiology

Endocrine Clinical Assessment and Diagnostic Procedures

Endocrine Disorders and Therapeutic Management

Trauma

Shock,sepsis,and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Burns

Organ Donation and Transplantation

Hematologic Disorders and Oncologic Emergencies

The Obstetric Patient

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The Older Adult Patient

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