Question 1

The atrioventricular (AV)node delays the conduction impulse from the atria (0.8-1.2 seconds)for which of the following reasons?

Accepted Answer

A)  To limit the amount of blood that fills the ventricle from the atria 
B)  To provide time for the ventricles to fill during diastole 
C)  To limit the number of signals the ventricles receive in some rhythms 
D)  To allow the atria to rest between signals 
A)  To limit the amount of blood that fills the ventricle from the atria 
B)  To provide time for the ventricles to fill during diastole 
C)  To limit the number of signals the ventricles receive in some rhythms 
D)  To allow the atria to rest between signals B

Question 2

The contribution of atrial kick to ventricular filling is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  10%. 
B)  20%. 
C)  5%. 
D)  45%. 
A)  10%. 
B)  20%. 
C)  5%. 
D)  45%. B

Question 3

In a myocardial cell,the normal resting membrane potential is

Accepted Answer

A)  10 to 20 mV. 
B)  30 to 40 mV. 
C)  -20 to -30 mV. 
D)  -80 to -90 mV. 
A)  10 to 20 mV. 
B)  30 to 40 mV. 
C)  -20 to -30 mV. 
D)  -80 to -90 mV. D

Question 4

Cardiac cells contain _____ and _____,the proteins responsible for their contractile nature.

Accepted Answer

A)  Z-disc, A-band 
B)  actin, myosin 
C)  I-band, M-band 
D)  renin, angiotension-converting enzyme 
A)  Z-disc, A-band 
B)  actin, myosin 
C)  I-band, M-band 
D)  renin, angiotension-converting enzyme

Question 5

Which of the following values reflects a normal cardiac output at rest?

Accepted Answer

A)  2.5 L/min 
B)  5.8 L/min 
C)  7.3 L/min 
D)  9.6 L/min 
A)  2.5 L/min 
B)  5.8 L/min 
C)  7.3 L/min 
D)  9.6 L/min

Question 6

An echocardiogram reveals an ejection fraction of 55%.On the basis of this information,the patient's cardiac function is

Accepted Answer

A)  adequate. 
B)  mildly decreased. 
C)  moderately decreased. 
D)  severely decreased. 
A)  adequate. 
B)  mildly decreased. 
C)  moderately decreased. 
D)  severely decreased.

Question 7

Which of the following is most descriptive of the capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large diameter, low pressure 
B)  Small diameter, high pressure 
C)  Large diameter, high pressure 
D)  Small diameter, low pressure 
A)  Large diameter, low pressure 
B)  Small diameter, high pressure 
C)  Large diameter, high pressure 
D)  Small diameter, low pressure

Question 8

The hemodynamic effects of a pericardial effusion include

Accepted Answer

A)  increased ventricular ejection. 
B)  decreased ventricular filling. 
C)  myocardial ischemia. 
D)  increased afterload. 
A)  increased ventricular ejection. 
B)  decreased ventricular filling. 
C)  myocardial ischemia. 
D)  increased afterload.

Question 9

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.The monitor pattern reveals bradycardia.The patient weight is 70 kg and height is 5 feet,5 inches tall.Based on the above information; occlusion of which coronary artery most likely resulted in bradycardia from sinoatrial node ischemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Right 
B)  Left anterior descending 
C)  Circumflex 
D)  Dominant 
A)  Right 
B)  Left anterior descending 
C)  Circumflex 
D)  Dominant

Question 10

Which of the following factors influence stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afterload 
B)  Cardiac output 
C)  Contractility 
D)  Heart rate 
E)  Preload 
A)  Afterload 
B)  Cardiac output 
C)  Contractility 
D)  Heart rate 
E)  Preload

Question 11

Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ventricular tissue 
B)  Atrioventricular node 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Purkinje fibers 
A)  Ventricular tissue 
B)  Atrioventricular node 
C)  Sinoatrial node 
D)  Purkinje fibers

Question 12

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with right- and left-sided heart failure.The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient has 3+ pitting edema on the sacrum,blood pressure of 176/98 mm Hg,and bilateral crackles in the lungs.The patient is experiencing shortness of breath and chest discomfort.On the basis of this information,how would the nurse evaluate the patient's preload status?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient is hypovolemic and has too little preload. 
B)  The patient is experiencing CHF and has too little preload. 
C)  The patient is experiencing heart failure and has too much preload. 
D)  The patient is hypertensive and the preload is not a factor. 
A)  The patient is hypovolemic and has too little preload. 
B)  The patient is experiencing CHF and has too little preload. 
C)  The patient is experiencing heart failure and has too much preload. 
D)  The patient is hypertensive and the preload is not a factor.

Question 13

The final repolarization phase of the action potential is

Accepted Answer

A)  phase 1. 
B)  phase 2. 
C)  phase 3. 
D)  phase 4. 
A)  phase 1. 
B)  phase 2. 
C)  phase 3. 
D)  phase 4.

Question 14

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with right- and left-sided heart failure.The nurse's assessment reveals that the patient has 3+ pitting edema on the sacrum,blood pressure of 176/98 mm Hg,and bilateral crackles in the lungs.The patient is experiencing shortness of breath and chest discomfort.Increased afterload is probably present related to the patient's blood pressure.Which therapeutic measure will most likely decrease afterload in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Administration of vasodilators 
B)  Placement in high Fowler position 
C)  Elevation of extremities 
D)  Increasing intravenous fluids 
A)  Administration of vasodilators 
B)  Placement in high Fowler position 
C)  Elevation of extremities 
D)  Increasing intravenous fluids

Question 15

The function of the AV valves is to

Accepted Answer

A)  prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. 
B)  prevent blood regurgitation back into the ventricles. 
C)  assist with blood flow to the lungs and aorta. 
D)  contribute to ventricular filling by atrial kick. 
A)  prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction. 
B)  prevent blood regurgitation back into the ventricles. 
C)  assist with blood flow to the lungs and aorta. 
D)  contribute to ventricular filling by atrial kick.

Question 16

Place the following components of the cardiac conduction pathway in the correct anatomic order.
1)Atrioventricular node
2)Bundle branches
3)Bundle of His
4)Internodal pathways
5)Purkinje fibers
6)Sinoatrial node

Accepted Answer

A)  6, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 
B)  6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 
C)  6, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
D)  4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 1 
A)  6, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 
B)  6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 
C)  6, 1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
D)  4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 1

Question 17

A patient reports feeling dizzy after standing quickly.Which of the following could provide a clue regarding the cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hemoglobin level of 14.0 g/dL and hematocrit level of 42.3% 
B)  Poor skin turgor with extended tenting 
C)  Supine blood pressure of 146/93 mm Hg 
D)  Resting heart rate of 96 beats/min 
A)  Hemoglobin level of 14.0 g/dL and hematocrit level of 42.3% 
B)  Poor skin turgor with extended tenting 
C)  Supine blood pressure of 146/93 mm Hg 
D)  Resting heart rate of 96 beats/min

Question 18

A patient presents with atrial fibrillation,a heart rate of 156 beats/min,and a blood pressure of 124/76 mm Hg.The physician orders diltiazem,a calcium channel blocker,to be given slowly by intravenous push.Why did the physician choose this medication to treat this patient's atrial tachyarrhythmia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diltiazem decreases the calcium influx into the AV nodal tissue and decreases the speed of impulse conduction. 
B)  Diltiazem increases the calcium influx into the AV nodal tissue and decreases the speed of impulse conduction. 
C)  Diltiazem decreases the calcium influx into the myocardial tissue and decreases the strength of heart contraction. 
D)  Diltiazem increases the calcium influx into the myocardial tissue and decreases the strength of heart contraction. 
A)  Diltiazem decreases the calcium influx into the AV nodal tissue and decreases the speed of impulse conduction. 
B)  Diltiazem increases the calcium influx into the AV nodal tissue and decreases the speed of impulse conduction. 
C)  Diltiazem decreases the calcium influx into the myocardial tissue and decreases the strength of heart contraction. 
D)  Diltiazem increases the calcium influx into the myocardial tissue and decreases the strength of heart contraction.

Question 19

Depolarization of one myocardial cell will likely result in

Accepted Answer

A)  completion of the action potential in that cell before a new cell can accept an impulse. 
B)  quick depolarization and spread to all of the heart. 
C)  depolarization of only cells superior to the initial depolarization. 
D)  depolarization of only cells inferior to the initial depolarization. 
A)  completion of the action potential in that cell before a new cell can accept an impulse. 
B)  quick depolarization and spread to all of the heart. 
C)  depolarization of only cells superior to the initial depolarization. 
D)  depolarization of only cells inferior to the initial depolarization.

Question 20

Which statement regarding the autonomic nervous system's role in the regulation of heart rate is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic influences increase heart rate. 
B)  Sympathetic influences are predominantly present. 
C)  Parasympathetic influences are only compensatory. 
D)  Both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences are normally active. 
A)  Parasympathetic influences increase heart rate. 
B)  Sympathetic influences are predominantly present. 
C)  Parasympathetic influences are only compensatory. 
D)  Both sympathetic and parasympathetic influences are normally active.

Exam 12: Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology

The atrioventricular (AV)node delays the conduction impulse from the atria (0.8-1.2 seconds)for which of the following reasons?

The contribution of atrial kick to ventricular filling is approximately

In a myocardial cell,the normal resting membrane potential is

Cardiac cells contain _____ and _____,the proteins responsible for their contractile nature.

Which of the following values reflects a normal cardiac output at rest?

An echocardiogram reveals an ejection fraction of 55%.On the basis of this information,the patient's cardiac function is

Which of the following is most descriptive of the capillary?

The hemodynamic effects of a pericardial effusion include

Which of the following factors influence stroke volume?

Which of the following structures is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

The final repolarization phase of the action potential is

The function of the AV valves is to

Place the following components of the cardiac conduction pathway in the correct anatomic order. 1)Atrioventricular node 2)Bundle branches 3)Bundle of His 4)Internodal pathways 5)Purkinje fibers 6)Sinoatrial node

A patient reports feeling dizzy after standing quickly.Which of the following could provide a clue regarding the cause?

A patient presents with atrial fibrillation,a heart rate of 156 beats/min,and a blood pressure of 124/76 mm Hg.The physician orders diltiazem,a calcium channel blocker,to be given slowly by intravenous push.Why did the physician choose this medication to treat this patient's atrial tachyarrhythmia?

Depolarization of one myocardial cell will likely result in

Which statement regarding the autonomic nervous system's role in the regulation of heart rate is true?

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Cardiac cells contain _ and _,the proteins responsible for their contractile nature.