Exam 17: Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with an acute exacerbation of chronic emphysema.Respirations are 28 breaths/min.A pulmonary artery catheter is in place.Pulmonary artery systolic (PAS)is 38 mm Hg with a pulmonary artery mean (PAM)of 22 mm Hg.Blood gases reveal an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.The patient's work effort for breathing is increased related to the effect of emphysema,which is

Muscles of exhalation include which of the following?

The most important function of type I alveolar epithelial cells is

Patients who have aspiration pneumonia present with right lower lobe involvement more often than with involvement of the left lower lobe.You know this is because

Normally,the central chemoreceptors responsible for triggering ventilation changes respond to which of the following?

Oxygen saturation of left atrial blood is normally between 96% and 99%.What is the explanation for less than 100% saturation?

Which of the following ranges would be considered normal pulmonary artery systolic pressures?

How much of the basal oxygen consumption is required by the pulmonary system during normal quiet breathing?

Lack of surfactant can cause which of the following conditions?

Which of the following statements describes the left bronchus?

The central chemoreceptors are stimulated by

The conducting airways

Alveolar type II cells secrete which of the following lipoproteins?

The portion of total ventilation that participates in gas exchange is known as

Based on the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve,respiratory acidosis will have which effect?

COPD produces increased work of breathing by which of the following mechanisms?

Which nerve stimulates movement of the diaphragm?

The lymphatic system plays which of the following important roles?

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the pulmonary circulation and the pulmonary vascular bed?

You would expect a patient in diabetic ketoacidosis to exhibit which of the following?