Question 1

Which of the following V/Q ratios would most suggest intrapulmonary shunting?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8 
B)  2.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  V/Q ratios are not related to shunting. 
A)  0.8 
B)  2.2 
C)  0.4 
D)  V/Q ratios are not related to shunting.

Question 2

Which of the following arteries has the lowest oxygen concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aorta 
B)  Subclavian 
C)  Carotid 
D)  Pulmonary 
A)  Aorta 
B)  Subclavian 
C)  Carotid 
D)  Pulmonary

Question 3

A patient is admitted to the critical care unit with an acute exacerbation of chronic emphysema.Respirations are 28 breaths/min.A pulmonary artery catheter is in place.Pulmonary artery systolic (PAS)is 38 mm Hg with a pulmonary artery mean (PAM)of 22 mm Hg.Blood gases reveal an uncompensated respiratory acidosis.Based on the readings obtained from the pulmonary artery catheter,the patient shows evidence of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Widespread atelectasis 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Ventilation/perfusion mismatch 
A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Widespread atelectasis 
C)  Pulmonary hypertension 
D)  Ventilation/perfusion mismatch

Question 4

Most of the work of breathing is done by the

Accepted Answer

A)  pleura. 
B)  intercostal muscles. 
C)  diaphragm. 
D)  sternocleidomastoid. 
A)  pleura. 
B)  intercostal muscles. 
C)  diaphragm. 
D)  sternocleidomastoid.

Question 5

If a patient sustained an injury to the apneustic center in the lower pons area,in which of the following areas would you most expect the patient to exhibit problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory rate 
B)  Triggering exhalation 
C)  Respiratory rhythm 
D)  Depth of respiration 
A)  Respiratory rate 
B)  Triggering exhalation 
C)  Respiratory rhythm 
D)  Depth of respiration

Question 6

Which of the following is considered physiologic dead space?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory bronchiole and unperfused alveoli 
B)  Trachea and perfused alveoli 
C)  Trachea and unperfused alveoli 
D)  Trachea and mainstem bronchi 
A)  Respiratory bronchiole and unperfused alveoli 
B)  Trachea and perfused alveoli 
C)  Trachea and unperfused alveoli 
D)  Trachea and mainstem bronchi

Question 7

The trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi at what point?

Accepted Answer

A)  Posterior larynx 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Major carina 
A)  Posterior larynx 
B)  Cricoid cartilage 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Major carina

Question 8

A patient has sustained a stroke.The speech therapist tells you that the patient cannot control his epiglottis.You know that this patient

Accepted Answer

A)  is at increased risk of aspiration. 
B)  will need surgery to close his epiglottis. 
C)  will need a tracheostomy to breathe. 
D)  is at risk for a pneumothorax. 
A)  is at increased risk of aspiration. 
B)  will need surgery to close his epiglottis. 
C)  will need a tracheostomy to breathe. 
D)  is at risk for a pneumothorax.

Question 9

Which of the following is a passive event in a spontaneously breathing patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coughing 
B)  Inhalation 
C)  Exhalation 
D)  Yawning 
A)  Coughing 
B)  Inhalation 
C)  Exhalation 
D)  Yawning

Question 10

Trauma to which vertebrae will cause ventilation dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  C3-C5 
B)  C5-T? 
C)  T? -T6 
D)  T7-T10 
A)  C3-C5 
B)  C5-T? 
C)  T? -T6 
D)  T7-T10

Question 11

A shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve would cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Better tissue perfusion 
B)  Lower SpO2 
C)  Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2 
D)  Impaired tissue oxygen delivery 
A)  Better tissue perfusion 
B)  Lower SpO2 
C)  Decreased hemoglobin affinity for O2 
D)  Impaired tissue oxygen delivery

Question 12

Under normal situations,the normal ventilation to perfusion ratio is 4:5 (0.8).Atelectasis can cause a shunt-producing ventilation/perfusion mismatch.This occurs primarily as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  perfusion exceeding ventilation. 
B)  ventilation exceeding perfusion. 
C)  an alveolus that is receiving ventilation but not perfusion. 
D)  an alveolus that is receiving perfusion but not ventilation. 
A)  perfusion exceeding ventilation. 
B)  ventilation exceeding perfusion. 
C)  an alveolus that is receiving ventilation but not perfusion. 
D)  an alveolus that is receiving perfusion but not ventilation.

Question 13

The lobes are divided into 18 segments.How many are on the right lung?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  15 
A)  3 
B)  8 
C)  10 
D)  15

Question 14

The primary functions of the pulmonary system are

Accepted Answer

A)  gas exchange and the movement of air in and out of the lungs. 
B)  gas exchange and the transfer of oxygen to the tissues. 
C)  the movement of blood in and out of the lungs and the removal of body waste products. 
D)  gas exchange and the prevention of infections. 
A)  gas exchange and the movement of air in and out of the lungs. 
B)  gas exchange and the transfer of oxygen to the tissues. 
C)  the movement of blood in and out of the lungs and the removal of body waste products. 
D)  gas exchange and the prevention of infections.

Question 15

Which of the following factors will increase diffusion of gases across the alveolar capillary membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in surface area of the membrane 
B)  An increase in thickness of the membrane 
C)  An increase in the driving pressure of the gas 
D)  A decrease in the solubility coefficient of the gas 
A)  A decrease in surface area of the membrane 
B)  An increase in thickness of the membrane 
C)  An increase in the driving pressure of the gas 
D)  A decrease in the solubility coefficient of the gas

Question 16

Which pleura adheres to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal 
B)  Visceral 
C)  Intrapleural 
D)  Surfactant 
A)  Parietal 
B)  Visceral 
C)  Intrapleural 
D)  Surfactant

Question 17

The oxygen saturation of a healthy individual rarely reaches 100% on room air.This can best be explained by which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Alveolar capillary diffusion 
C)  Collateral air passages 
D)  Anatomic dead space 
A)  Physiologic shunting 
B)  Alveolar capillary diffusion 
C)  Collateral air passages 
D)  Anatomic dead space

Question 18

Which of the following factors will result in a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased PaCO2 
B)  Increased pH 
C)  Increased temperature 
D)  Increased 2,3-DPG 
A)  Increased PaCO2 
B)  Increased pH 
C)  Increased temperature 
D)  Increased 2,3-DPG

Question 19

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  ventilation. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  perfusion. 
A)  ventilation. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  diffusion. 
D)  perfusion.

Question 20

Methemoglobin causes difficulty with oxygenation because

Accepted Answer

A)  methemoglobin does not carry oxygen as normal hemoglobin would. 
B)  carbon monoxide has a greater affinity for the hemoglobin than oxygen. 
C)  only 80% of the total oxygen is carried on the hemoglobin. 
D)  the anemia causes decreased numbers of hemoglobin receptor sites. 
A)  methemoglobin does not carry oxygen as normal hemoglobin would. 
B)  carbon monoxide has a greater affinity for the hemoglobin than oxygen. 
C)  only 80% of the total oxygen is carried on the hemoglobin. 
D)  the anemia causes decreased numbers of hemoglobin receptor sites.

Exam 17: Pulmonary Anatomy and Physiology

Which of the following V/Q ratios would most suggest intrapulmonary shunting?

Which of the following arteries has the lowest oxygen concentration?

Most of the work of breathing is done by the

If a patient sustained an injury to the apneustic center in the lower pons area,in which of the following areas would you most expect the patient to exhibit problems?

Which of the following is considered physiologic dead space?

The trachea divides into the right and left mainstem bronchi at what point?

A patient has sustained a stroke.The speech therapist tells you that the patient cannot control his epiglottis.You know that this patient

Which of the following is a passive event in a spontaneously breathing patient?

Trauma to which vertebrae will cause ventilation dysfunction?

A shift to the left of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve would cause which of the following?

Under normal situations,the normal ventilation to perfusion ratio is 4:5 (0.8).Atelectasis can cause a shunt-producing ventilation/perfusion mismatch.This occurs primarily as a result of

The lobes are divided into 18 segments.How many are on the right lung?

The primary functions of the pulmonary system are

Which of the following factors will increase diffusion of gases across the alveolar capillary membrane?

Which pleura adheres to the lungs?

The oxygen saturation of a healthy individual rarely reaches 100% on room air.This can best be explained by which of the following concepts?

Which of the following factors will result in a shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is termed

Methemoglobin causes difficulty with oxygenation because

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