Question 1

What is the cause of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
C)  Streptococcus agalactiae 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 2

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  High ammonia concentration 
B)  Hyperosmolarity 
C)  Reduced water reabsorption 
D)  Sluggish blood flow 
A)  High ammonia concentration 
B)  Hyperosmolarity 
C)  Reduced water reabsorption 
D)  Sluggish blood flow

Question 3

A young woman goes to her doctor complaining of dysuria,frequency,urgency,and suprapubic pain.A urinalysis shows hematuria,positive protein,positive leukocyte esterase,and a positive nitrite.What is a probable diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Bacteremia 
C)  Urinary tract infection (UTI) 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Pyelonephritis 
B)  Bacteremia 
C)  Urinary tract infection (UTI) 
D)  Septicemia

Question 4

What is one factor that may contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor personal hygiene 
B)  Contaminated instruments 
C)  Increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics 
D)  Increased use of multidrug regimens in hospitalized patients 
A)  Poor personal hygiene 
B)  Contaminated instruments 
C)  Increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics 
D)  Increased use of multidrug regimens in hospitalized patients

Question 5

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen 
A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen

Question 6

What is the definitive method for collecting uncontaminated urine specimens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen 
A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen

Question 7

What characteristic of urine inhibits growth of many pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  High glucose level 
B)  Low pH 
C)  High protein level 
D)  High pH 
A)  High glucose level 
B)  Low pH 
C)  High protein level 
D)  High pH

Question 8

Urinary tract infection (UTI)in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems,including all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Impaired renal function 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  End-stage renal disease 
D)  Hemolytic-uremic syndrome 
A)  Impaired renal function 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  End-stage renal disease 
D)  Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

Question 9

Because urine is an excellent supportive medium for bacteria growth,how must urine specimens be handled after collection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B)  Process the refrigerated specimen within 24 hours. 
C)  Store in the refrigerator for 48 hours. 
D)  Immediately refrigerate. 
A)  Store at room temperature for up to 24 hours. 
B)  Process the refrigerated specimen within 24 hours. 
C)  Store in the refrigerator for 48 hours. 
D)  Immediately refrigerate.

Question 10

The criteria used to determine the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI)include all the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Presence or absence of symptoms 
B)  Patient history 
C)  Predisposing factors 
D)  The type of organism or organisms isolated 
A)  Presence or absence of symptoms 
B)  Patient history 
C)  Predisposing factors 
D)  The type of organism or organisms isolated

Question 11

What specimen reduces the risk of contamination with urethral florae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen 
A)  Catheterized specimen 
B)  Suprapubic aspirate 
C)  First morning specimen 
D)  Voided midstream specimen

Exam 37: Urinary Tract Infections

What is the cause of most uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

All of the following can contribute to reduced leukocyte chemotaxis in the renal medulla EXCEPT:

A young woman goes to her doctor complaining of dysuria,frequency,urgency,and suprapubic pain.A urinalysis shows hematuria,positive protein,positive leukocyte esterase,and a positive nitrite.What is a probable diagnosis?

What is one factor that may contribute to the incidence of candiduria in hospitalized patients?

What is the most commonly used method to collect urine samples?

What is the definitive method for collecting uncontaminated urine specimens?

What characteristic of urine inhibits growth of many pathogens?

Urinary tract infection (UTI)in children is associated with significant morbidity and long-term medical problems,including all the following EXCEPT:

Because urine is an excellent supportive medium for bacteria growth,how must urine specimens be handled after collection?

The criteria used to determine the presence of a urinary tract infection (UTI)include all the following EXCEPT:

What specimen reduces the risk of contamination with urethral florae?

Bacterial Cell Structure, physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Host-Parasite Interaction

Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Infected Materials

Use of Colonial Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antibiotic Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio,aeromonas,plesiomonas and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

Spirochetes

Chlamydia and Rickettsia

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Other Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

Filters