Question 1

Which of the following can motivate people to make their thoughts or attitudes agree with their actions?

Accepted Answer

A)  persuasion 
B)  inconsistency 
C)  obedience 
D)  compliance 
A)  persuasion 
B)  inconsistency 
C)  obedience 
D)  compliance

Question 2

Regarding obedience,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  When directions come from an authority, people rationalize that they are not personally responsible for their actions. 
B)  Instances of "sanctioned massacres" have been carried out by obedient soldiers of Nazi Germany, of Iraq, and in several countries in Africa. 
C)  Truly inhumane acts do not result from "just following orders," but occur due to character flaws and heartless psychopathic behavior. 
D)  In order to keep their jobs, many people obey orders to do things that they know are dishonest, unethical, or harmful. 
A)  When directions come from an authority, people rationalize that they are not personally responsible for their actions. 
B)  Instances of "sanctioned massacres" have been carried out by obedient soldiers of Nazi Germany, of Iraq, and in several countries in Africa. 
C)  Truly inhumane acts do not result from "just following orders," but occur due to character flaws and heartless psychopathic behavior. 
D)  In order to keep their jobs, many people obey orders to do things that they know are dishonest, unethical, or harmful.

Question 3

In Festinger's classic experiment,college students did an extremely boring task for a long time.Afterward,they were asked to help lure others into the experiment by pretending that the task was interesting and enjoyable.Later they were asked their opinion of the task.Those paid $1 for luring more participants experienced a great deal of

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  persuasion 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  actor-observer bias. 
A)  conformity. 
B)  persuasion 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  actor-observer bias.

Question 4

In his classic studies of conformity,which of the following was NOT demonstrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conformity to group sanctions can occur in temporary groups. 
B)  A majority of three produces about as much conformity as a majority of eight. 
C)  A lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform. 
D)  Conformity to an authority was determined by the authority's perceived referent power. 
A)  Conformity to group sanctions can occur in temporary groups. 
B)  A majority of three produces about as much conformity as a majority of eight. 
C)  A lack of unanimity greatly reduces the pressure to conform. 
D)  Conformity to an authority was determined by the authority's perceived referent power.

Question 5

Comparing hairstyles,habits of speech,dress,eating habits,and social customs in two or more cultures makes it clear that the members of each society tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  affiliate with only those who follow cultural expectations. 
B)  obey social restrictions. 
C)  conform to social norms. 
D)  apply direct pressure to others to passively comply to expected behaviors. 
A)  affiliate with only those who follow cultural expectations. 
B)  obey social restrictions. 
C)  conform to social norms. 
D)  apply direct pressure to others to passively comply to expected behaviors.

Question 6

Which of the following is a quality that individuals can possess?

Accepted Answer

A)  compliance 
B)  strength 
C)  conformity 
D)  power 
A)  compliance 
B)  strength 
C)  conformity 
D)  power

Question 7

Regarding compliance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A good way to get another person to comply with a request is to first do a small favor for the person. 
B)  The lowball technique is often used by automobile dealers to convince customers to buy cars. 
C)  One of the main benefits of knowing compliance strategies is that you can protect yourself from being manipulated by people using them. 
D)  Stanley Milgram coined the term door-in-the-face effect to describe the tendency for a person to agree to a larger request after having earlier agreed to a smaller one. 
A)  A good way to get another person to comply with a request is to first do a small favor for the person. 
B)  The lowball technique is often used by automobile dealers to convince customers to buy cars. 
C)  One of the main benefits of knowing compliance strategies is that you can protect yourself from being manipulated by people using them. 
D)  Stanley Milgram coined the term door-in-the-face effect to describe the tendency for a person to agree to a larger request after having earlier agreed to a smaller one.

Question 8

In a classic study on social facilitation that involved college students shooting pool at a student union,it was found that when being watched by others,the less confident,average pool players

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased their accuracy. 
B)  improved their accuracy. 
C)  showed no change in their pool shooting ability. 
D)  became extreme showmen and took risky shots, many of which did not pay off. 
A)  decreased their accuracy. 
B)  improved their accuracy. 
C)  showed no change in their pool shooting ability. 
D)  became extreme showmen and took risky shots, many of which did not pay off.

Question 9

If you do something contrary to your beliefs or attitudes,you will experience the MOST cognitive dissonance when the amount of reward or justification for your actions is

Accepted Answer

A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  delayed. 
D)  explained. 
A)  high. 
B)  low. 
C)  delayed. 
D)  explained.

Question 10

Formal speeches,lectures,and business meetings are usually conducted at a(n)__________ distance.

Accepted Answer

A)  intimate 
B)  personal 
C)  social 
D)  public 
A)  intimate 
B)  personal 
C)  social 
D)  public

Question 11

According to the theory of cognitive dissonance,attitudes are changed because

Accepted Answer

A)  emotionally persuasive arguments unfreeze beliefs. 
B)  logical arguments alter the belief component of an attitude. 
C)  clashing thoughts cause discomfort. 
D)  actions contrary to one's beliefs cause behavior to improve. 
A)  emotionally persuasive arguments unfreeze beliefs. 
B)  logical arguments alter the belief component of an attitude. 
C)  clashing thoughts cause discomfort. 
D)  actions contrary to one's beliefs cause behavior to improve.

Question 12

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the students that attended liberal Bennington College but maintained their conservative attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bennington College would be considered one of their membership groups. 
B)  Their family and friends would be considered membership groups. 
C)  Bennington College would be considered their reference group. 
D)  Their family and hometown friends would be considered their reference group. 
A)  Bennington College would be considered one of their membership groups. 
B)  Their family and friends would be considered membership groups. 
C)  Bennington College would be considered their reference group. 
D)  Their family and hometown friends would be considered their reference group.

Question 13

Although Jena usually does not like to "dress up" and wear high heels,her group of friends have decided to "dress up" during homecoming week at school.So,Jena's decision to "dress up" is based on which type of power?

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive 
B)  legitimate 
C)  reward 
D)  referent 
A)  coercive 
B)  legitimate 
C)  reward 
D)  referent

Question 14

A college athlete who expresses attitudes favorable toward scholarship,participates in scholastic honor societies,and questions the lower scholastic requirement placed on athletes at his college is illustrating the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes are seldom related to behavior. 
B)  behavior often cannot be predicted from attitudes. 
C)  a person's membership group is not necessarily his or her reference group. 
D)  behavior typically determines attitudes. 
A)  attitudes are seldom related to behavior. 
B)  behavior often cannot be predicted from attitudes. 
C)  a person's membership group is not necessarily his or her reference group. 
D)  behavior typically determines attitudes.

Question 15

Research on persuasion suggests that attitude change is encouraged when the communicator is

Accepted Answer

A)  likable. 
B)  a novice on the topic. 
C)  dissimilar to the audience in some respect. 
D)  an authoritarian personality. 
A)  likable. 
B)  a novice on the topic. 
C)  dissimilar to the audience in some respect. 
D)  an authoritarian personality.

Question 16

Since moving into a household of jazz lovers,Joyce,a dedicated fan of rock music,has developed a more positive attitude toward jazz and added it to her types of favorite musical styles.Her roommates would be considered part of

Accepted Answer

A)  her reference group. 
B)  her memberships group. 
C)  both of these groups. 
D)  neither of these groups. 
A)  her reference group. 
B)  her memberships group. 
C)  both of these groups. 
D)  neither of these groups.

Question 17

Sarah has just gotten into a sorority that she has always wanted to be in.However,she just saw one of the members bring a copy of the upcoming biology exam to the sorority president that she obtained from the instructor's student worker.Sarah is upset that her "sorority" is engaging in unethical behavior.However,she decides to keep quiet so her loyalty will allow her to effect a change and eliminate this unethical behavior by working within the organization.Sarah has resolved her cognitive dissonance by

Accepted Answer

A)  adding consonant thoughts. 
B)  decreasing her amount of perceived choice. 
C)  changing her attitude. 
D)  changing her behavior. 
A)  adding consonant thoughts. 
B)  decreasing her amount of perceived choice. 
C)  changing her attitude. 
D)  changing her behavior.

Question 18

A person's invisible "spatial envelope" that surrounding the body and is regarded as private and under one's personal control is referred to as one's

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial role. 
B)  personal space. 
C)  ego location. 
D)  proximal location. 
A)  spatial role. 
B)  personal space. 
C)  ego location. 
D)  proximal location.

Question 19

As we speak,if I move my chair from in front of your desk to the side,I am attempting to move from social distance to a closer _________ distance.

Accepted Answer

A)  intimate 
B)  personal 
C)  public 
D)  familial 
A)  intimate 
B)  personal 
C)  public 
D)  familial

Question 20

Which of the following is LESS likely to encourage attitude change?

Accepted Answer

A)  The communicator is likable and similar to the audience. 
B)  The communicator is an expert on the topic and uses facts and statistics. 
C)  The message states clear-cut conclusions. 
D)  The message avoids creating fear or anxiety in the audience. 
A)  The communicator is likable and similar to the audience. 
B)  The communicator is an expert on the topic and uses facts and statistics. 
C)  The message states clear-cut conclusions. 
D)  The message avoids creating fear or anxiety in the audience.

Exam 16: B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

Which of the following can motivate people to make their thoughts or attitudes agree with their actions?

Regarding obedience,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In his classic studies of conformity,which of the following was NOT demonstrated?

Comparing hairstyles,habits of speech,dress,eating habits,and social customs in two or more cultures makes it clear that the members of each society tend to

Which of the following is a quality that individuals can possess?

Regarding compliance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In a classic study on social facilitation that involved college students shooting pool at a student union,it was found that when being watched by others,the less confident,average pool players

If you do something contrary to your beliefs or attitudes,you will experience the MOST cognitive dissonance when the amount of reward or justification for your actions is

Formal speeches,lectures,and business meetings are usually conducted at a(n)__________ distance.

According to the theory of cognitive dissonance,attitudes are changed because

Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the students that attended liberal Bennington College but maintained their conservative attitudes?

Although Jena usually does not like to "dress up" and wear high heels,her group of friends have decided to "dress up" during homecoming week at school.So,Jena's decision to "dress up" is based on which type of power?

A college athlete who expresses attitudes favorable toward scholarship,participates in scholastic honor societies,and questions the lower scholastic requirement placed on athletes at his college is illustrating the fact that

Research on persuasion suggests that attitude change is encouraged when the communicator is

Since moving into a household of jazz lovers,Joyce,a dedicated fan of rock music,has developed a more positive attitude toward jazz and added it to her types of favorite musical styles.Her roommates would be considered part of

A person's invisible "spatial envelope" that surrounding the body and is regarded as private and under one's personal control is referred to as one's

As we speak,if I move my chair from in front of your desk to the side,I am attempting to move from social distance to a closer _________ distance.

Which of the following is LESS likely to encourage attitude change?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology