Question 1

When you have "clashing thoughts," you are experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity pressure. 
B)  obedience pressure. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  open-ended role conflict. 
A)  conformity pressure. 
B)  obedience pressure. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  open-ended role conflict.

Question 2

Studies of conformity indicate that people are more apt to be influenced by others if they

Accepted Answer

A)  lack self-confidence. 
B)  have high needs for certainty and structure. 
C)  belong to a culture that emphasizes group cooperation. 
D)  exhibit any of these characteristics. 
A)  lack self-confidence. 
B)  have high needs for certainty and structure. 
C)  belong to a culture that emphasizes group cooperation. 
D)  exhibit any of these characteristics.

Question 3

Regarding the factors that lead to compliance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Compliance refers to situations in which one person bends to the requests of another person who has little or no authority. 
B)  You passively comply when you quietly suffer unacceptable conditions without protest, such as someone talking loudly on their cell phone at a restaurant. 
C)  We are more likely to comply with a request if it comes from a stranger than someone we know. 
D)  In getting us to actively comply, salespeople depend heavily on appealing to our tendency to be consistent and to reciprocate. 
A)  Compliance refers to situations in which one person bends to the requests of another person who has little or no authority. 
B)  You passively comply when you quietly suffer unacceptable conditions without protest, such as someone talking loudly on their cell phone at a restaurant. 
C)  We are more likely to comply with a request if it comes from a stranger than someone we know. 
D)  In getting us to actively comply, salespeople depend heavily on appealing to our tendency to be consistent and to reciprocate.

Question 4

Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a "standard" line and "comparison" lines)showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects yielded to group pressure in only ten percent of the critical test trials. 
B)  subjects were not nervous or upset about making judgments different from the group. 
C)  75 percent of the subjects yielded to group pressure at least once. 
D)  when tested alone only five percent of the subjects made errors of judgment. 
A)  subjects yielded to group pressure in only ten percent of the critical test trials. 
B)  subjects were not nervous or upset about making judgments different from the group. 
C)  75 percent of the subjects yielded to group pressure at least once. 
D)  when tested alone only five percent of the subjects made errors of judgment.

Question 5

If a politician wants to create favorable public attitudes concerning a controversial issue that he or she supports,the politician should

Accepted Answer

A)  make an appeal to the public's intellect rather than to its emotions. 
B)  present multiple courses of action that would be beneficial. 
C)  back up his or her messages with facts and statistics. 
D)  do none of these. 
A)  make an appeal to the public's intellect rather than to its emotions. 
B)  present multiple courses of action that would be beneficial. 
C)  back up his or her messages with facts and statistics. 
D)  do none of these.

Question 6

Which form of social power comes from acceptance of a person as an agent of an established social order?

Accepted Answer

A)  coercive 
B)  electoral 
C)  legitimate 
D)  referent 
A)  coercive 
B)  electoral 
C)  legitimate 
D)  referent

Question 7

The amount of cognitive dissonance experienced is related to

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of justification for acting contrary to one's belief. 
B)  the length of time that the role-playing was carried out. 
C)  the presence or absence of scientific information. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  the amount of justification for acting contrary to one's belief. 
B)  the length of time that the role-playing was carried out. 
C)  the presence or absence of scientific information. 
D)  all of these.

Question 8

In a classic study that involved college students shooting pool at a student union,it was found that when being watched by others,good players who were confident in their pool playing improved their accuracy,while the less confident players decreased their accuracy.This experiment illustrates the principle known as

Accepted Answer

A)  social facilitation. 
B)  social compliance. 
C)  indirect obedience. 
D)  group conformity. 
A)  social facilitation. 
B)  social compliance. 
C)  indirect obedience. 
D)  group conformity.

Question 9

Any deliberate attempt to bring about an attitude change by the transmission of information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  coercion. 
C)  persuasion. 
D)  brainwashing. 
A)  groupthink. 
B)  coercion. 
C)  persuasion. 
D)  brainwashing.

Question 10

After dating Miguel for several months,Tia could list many of his outstanding qualities.However,Tia was beginning to note that Miguel was very "tight" with his money and also seemed very stubborn regarding certain issues.When she was talking with a friend,Tia was heard to state that she admired Miguel for being frugal and for having integrity regarding his beliefs.Thus,by changing Miguel's "cheapness" and "stubbornness" into virtues,Tia has been able to resolve her

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  tendency for groupthink. 
D)  self-handicapping attitude. 
A)  cognitive dissonance. 
B)  fundamental attribution error. 
C)  tendency for groupthink. 
D)  self-handicapping attitude.

Question 11

The capacity to control,alter,or influence the behavior of another person is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  social power. 
B)  social exchange. 
C)  active compliance. 
D)  referent persuasion. 
A)  social power. 
B)  social exchange. 
C)  active compliance. 
D)  referent persuasion.

Question 12

Persuasion involves

Accepted Answer

A)  a direct, honest expression of feelings and desires. 
B)  a strategy by which commitment is gained first to reasonable terms, which are then made less reasonable. 
C)  a deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with information or arguments. 
D)  bringing one's behavior into agreement with the behavior of one's reference group. 
A)  a direct, honest expression of feelings and desires. 
B)  a strategy by which commitment is gained first to reasonable terms, which are then made less reasonable. 
C)  a deliberate attempt to change attitudes or beliefs with information or arguments. 
D)  bringing one's behavior into agreement with the behavior of one's reference group.

Question 13

In the sidewalk experiment,various numbers of people stood on a busy New York City street and,on cue,began looking at a sixth-floor window across the street.Soon many of the people walking on the street stopped and looked up at the window.This experiment illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  social influence. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  cognitive dissonance. 
A)  groupthink. 
B)  social influence. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  cognitive dissonance.

Question 14

Celia,who is a college student,has always thought of herself as an environmental activist.Recently,she "inherited" a gas-guzzling car from her parents,which she has been driving around campus.To reduce the cognitive dissonance that she feels from these clashing images of herself,the environmental activist and the gas-guzzling car owner,she might say that "it is an old car and keeping it on the road makes good use of the resources consumed when it was manufactured," which illustrates the strategy of

Accepted Answer

A)  changing her attitude. 
B)  changing her behavior. 
C)  adding consonant thoughts. 
D)  reducing the amount of her perceived choice. 
A)  changing her attitude. 
B)  changing her behavior. 
C)  adding consonant thoughts. 
D)  reducing the amount of her perceived choice.

Question 15

If you hand over your cell phone to stranger who asks to borrow it to make a call or loan money to a coworker who requests it to buy a cappuccino,you are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  obedience. 
B)  passive compliance. 
C)  active compliance. 
D)  pseudostupidity. 
A)  obedience. 
B)  passive compliance. 
C)  active compliance. 
D)  pseudostupidity.

Question 16

You are sick,and you go to your family physician to be diagnosed and given medicine to get well.Thus,your family physician is considered to have __________ power.

Accepted Answer

A)  legitimate 
B)  referent 
C)  expert 
D)  professional 
A)  legitimate 
B)  referent 
C)  expert 
D)  professional

Question 17

When a small group of people will not tolerate alternative views and comes to maintain their own viewpoint due to misguided loyalty at the cost of critical thinking,this situation is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink. 
B)  bystander apathy. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  social facilitation. 
A)  groupthink. 
B)  bystander apathy. 
C)  cognitive dissonance. 
D)  social facilitation.

Question 18

All groups have unspoken rules of conduct,which establish acceptable behavior in most situations,and are called

Accepted Answer

A)  norms. 
B)  comparison levels. 
C)  group structures. 
D)  standardization levels. 
A)  norms. 
B)  comparison levels. 
C)  group structures. 
D)  standardization levels.

Question 19

A person is more likely to conform if he or she

Accepted Answer

A)  has high needs for structure or certainty. 
B)  has a high degree of self-confidence. 
C)  lives in a culture that emphasizes individuality. 
D)  has all of these characteristics. 
A)  has high needs for structure or certainty. 
B)  has a high degree of self-confidence. 
C)  lives in a culture that emphasizes individuality. 
D)  has all of these characteristics.

Question 20

Regarding public distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Public distance is the distance at which formal interactions, such as lectures, take place. 
B)  Public distance usually requires that people raise their voices to speak with one another. 
C)  Public distance consists of a distance of four to 12 feet from the body. 
D)  With public distance, people tend to look "flat." 
A)  Public distance is the distance at which formal interactions, such as lectures, take place. 
B)  Public distance usually requires that people raise their voices to speak with one another. 
C)  Public distance consists of a distance of four to 12 feet from the body. 
D)  With public distance, people tend to look "flat."

Exam 16: B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

When you have "clashing thoughts," you are experiencing

Studies of conformity indicate that people are more apt to be influenced by others if they

Regarding the factors that lead to compliance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Solomon Asch's classic experiment (in which subjects judged a "standard" line and "comparison" lines)showed that

If a politician wants to create favorable public attitudes concerning a controversial issue that he or she supports,the politician should

Which form of social power comes from acceptance of a person as an agent of an established social order?

The amount of cognitive dissonance experienced is related to

Any deliberate attempt to bring about an attitude change by the transmission of information is called

The capacity to control,alter,or influence the behavior of another person is referred to as

Persuasion involves

In the sidewalk experiment,various numbers of people stood on a busy New York City street and,on cue,began looking at a sixth-floor window across the street.Soon many of the people walking on the street stopped and looked up at the window.This experiment illustrates

If you hand over your cell phone to stranger who asks to borrow it to make a call or loan money to a coworker who requests it to buy a cappuccino,you are exhibiting

You are sick,and you go to your family physician to be diagnosed and given medicine to get well.Thus,your family physician is considered to have __________ power.

When a small group of people will not tolerate alternative views and comes to maintain their own viewpoint due to misguided loyalty at the cost of critical thinking,this situation is referred to as

All groups have unspoken rules of conduct,which establish acceptable behavior in most situations,and are called

A person is more likely to conform if he or she

Regarding public distance,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

C: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology

C: Applied Psychology

Appendix A: Behavioral Statistics