Exam 5: Consciousness

According to research cited in the text (Tomoda et al., 2009), harsh physical punishment of young children may retard growth in the brain's:

Research has established a causal link between spanking young children and negative outcomes in adolescence.

Carlotta consumed some poorly stored sushi on a hot day and became violently ill. Now Carlotta can't stand the sight of sushi. She has developed a:

Sex is a primary reinforcer.

Suppose that you are asked to lead a workshop for parents on the use of punishment and reinforcement to manage child and adolescent behavior. What might you tell the parents regarding the use of corporal punishment among American parents and its potential drawbacks?

Positive punishment involves presenting an undesirable stimulus after an unwanted behavior.

A rat is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement when it receives a food pellet after a fluctuating number of bar presses.

Rosa becomes anxious when she enters the examination room at the clinic before a blood test. She also squirms when she views injections on television. This paragraph illustrates:

Bandura is to Kohler as latent learning is to insight.

B.F. Skinner reflected the humanist perspective in psychology.

The text states that "[Pavlov's] assistant's footsteps seemed to act like a trigger for the dog to start salivating." In the terminology of classical conditioning, the footsteps served as a(n) _____ stimulus.

Ivan Pavlov found that his dogs failed to salivate when he changed the CS even very slightly.

Skinner is to classical conditioning as Pavlov is to operant conditioning.

The roots of operant conditioning may be traced to _____'s early studies of hungry cats learning to escape from cages.

Pauses in responding are MOST pronounced in _____ schedules of reinforcement.

Which scenario exemplifies negative punishment?

A relatively permanent change in behavior or thinking due to experience is called:

Voluntary behavior is to involuntary behavior as _____ conditioning is to _____ conditioning.

Children are more likely to imitate models who are reinforced than models who are punished.

Classical conditioning is the same thing as _____ conditioning.