Exam 5: Consciousness

Which schedule of partial reinforcement is correctly matched with its definition?

In the first phase of the classical conditioning process, a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Often, a conditioned response may be elicited not only by the original CS, but by a similar one as well. This is known as stimulus:

Dr. Landry is conducting an observational learning study in which the model is either similar or dissimilar to the participant. Dr. Landry thinks that participants are more likely to imitate the behavior of similar rather than dissimilar models. This is a(n):

Acquiring behavior is to maintaining behavior as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

Interval schedules of reinforcement usually produce a higher rate of responding than do ratio schedules.

Which statement regarding the consequences of behavior is MOST accurate?

Higher order conditioning entails forming an association between a conditioned stimulus and a new neutral stimulus.

Event is to behavior as _____ is to _____.

The textbook states that Pavlov "had to pick a stimulus that was more controlled than the sound of someone walking into a room" in order to investigate classical conditioning more systematically. In other words, Pavlov had to deliberately manipulate the neutral stimulus to conduct:

Roberta laughs at one of Keith's jokes, thereby providing positive reinforcement.

On most occasions, drivers who are let into a driving lane acknowledge the favor in some way; sometimes, though, they don't. The behavior of letting drivers in is maintained by _____ reinforcement.

Which scenario describes spontaneous recovery?

Which statement BEST captures the relationship between shaping and successive approximations?

Psychologists use the term _____ to refer to behaviors that benefit others.

Classical conditioning involves the conditioning of the involuntary responses of the autonomic nervous system. Such responses include the elevation in heart rate associated with anxiety or fear, a response of the _____ nervous system.

After catching up on all her readings and assignments, Leah treats herself by going to a movie with a friend. This outing is an example of _____ reinforcement.

Slot machine is to vending machine as _____ reinforcement is to _____ reinforcement.

Using reinforcers to condition a series of small steps that get progressively closer to a target behavior is called:

Learning involves: