Question 1

Conditioned taste aversion is usually established only after multiple US-CS pairings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Extinction expunges an association from an organism's brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A talent competition judge tells a contestant that her audition was "brilliant . . . one of the best this season." The judge's response is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 4

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How is conditioned taste aversion an exception to the general principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) Conditioned taste aversions require a longer interval between the CS and the response than do most CRs. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions require more trials to acquire than do most CRs. 
C) Conditioned taste aversions require a shorter interval between the CS and the response than do most CRs. 
D)  Conditioned taste aversions often require only a single CS-US pairing for their acquisition. 
A) Conditioned taste aversions require a longer interval between the CS and the response than do most CRs. 
B) Conditioned taste aversions require more trials to acquire than do most CRs. 
C) Conditioned taste aversions require a shorter interval between the CS and the response than do most CRs. 
D)  Conditioned taste aversions often require only a single CS-US pairing for their acquisition.

Question 6

_____ refers to a behavior's disappearance when its reinforcer is removed.

Accepted Answer

A) Adaptation 
B) Habituation 
C) Intermittent reinforcement 
D) Extinction 
A) Adaptation 
B) Habituation 
C) Intermittent reinforcement 
D) Extinction

Question 7

A Skinner box provides a highly controlled environment allowing researchers to study how animal behavior varies with alterations in the environment.In this situation, animal behavior is a(n) _____ variable.An alteration in the environment is a(n) _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent; dependent 
B) dependent; independent 
C) independent; dependent 
D) independent; independent 
A) dependent; dependent 
B) dependent; independent 
C) independent; dependent 
D) independent; independent

Question 8

The positive effects of partial reinforcement are more pronounced among individuals with ADHD.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Making explicit reference to neutral, unconditioned, and conditioned stimuli and to unconditioned and conditioned responses, distinguish succinctly between (a) extinction and spontaneous recovery and (b) stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination. Supply an original example of either extinction or spontaneous recovery, and of either stimulus generalization or stimulus discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer should contain the following

Question 10

A popular athlete endorses an athletic shoe in a series of glossy magazine ads. In the application of conditioning to advertising, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The athlete is a US; the shoe is a CS. 
B) The athlete is a CS; readers' liking for the athlete is a CR. 
C) The shoe is a US; the athlete is a CS 
D) The shoe is a US; readers' positive response to the shoe is a UR. 
A) The athlete is a US; the shoe is a CS. 
B) The athlete is a CS; readers' liking for the athlete is a CR. 
C) The shoe is a US; the athlete is a CS 
D) The shoe is a US; readers' positive response to the shoe is a UR.

Question 11

A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone. The researcher then presents a low-pitched tone. The dog fails to salivate. The dog is demonstrating:

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) adaptation. 
C) discrimination. 
D) extinction. 
A) habituation. 
B) adaptation. 
C) discrimination. 
D) extinction.

Question 12

Recall Tolman and Honzik's classic latent learning experiment. The rats' error rate in navigating the maze is a(n) _____ variable. In a graph of the experiment's results, the error rate is displayed on the _____-axis.

Accepted Answer

A) dependent; x 
B) dependent; y 
C) independent; x 
D) independent; y 
A) dependent; x 
B) dependent; y 
C) independent; x 
D) independent; y

Question 13

Observational learning is to latent learning as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Kohler; Tolman 
B) Tolman; Bandura 
C) Bandura; Kohler 
D) Bandura; Tolman 
A) Kohler; Tolman 
B) Tolman; Bandura 
C) Bandura; Kohler 
D) Bandura; Tolman

Question 14

Which laboratory example reflects a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes. 
B) Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets. 
C) Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes. 
D) A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6. 
A) A pigeon pecking a disk receives food every 6 minutes. 
B) Every 7th time a rat presses a lever, it receives food pellets. 
C) Every 6 minutes, a rat receives food for pressing a lever. Then the schedule changes to every 5 minutes, then to every 9 minutes. 
D) A pigeon pecking a disk receives food after 4 pecks, then after 7, after 5, and then after 6.

Question 15

In 2010, an advertising agency stopped paying bonuses to executives who attracted new clients. In 2011, the agency signed no new clients. This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) adaptation. 
A) habituation. 
B) stimulus discrimination. 
C) extinction. 
D) adaptation.

Question 16

______ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Accepted Answer

A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Shaping 
A) Classical conditioning 
B) Operant conditioning 
C) Observational learning 
D) Shaping

Question 17

Which set is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) {Kohler, chimpanzees, insight} 
B) {cats, operant conditioning, Pavlov} 
C) {operant conditioning, Thorndike, dogs} 
D) {Skinner, latent learning, rats} 
A) {Kohler, chimpanzees, insight} 
B) {cats, operant conditioning, Pavlov} 
C) {operant conditioning, Thorndike, dogs} 
D) {Skinner, latent learning, rats}

Question 18

In real life, behavior is probably MOST often reinforced by _____ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) partial 
B) continuous 
C) primary 
D) negative 
A) partial 
B) continuous 
C) primary 
D) negative

Question 19

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects stimulus:

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) association. 
A) extinction. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) association.

Question 20

Kate has a kind of picture in her head of her hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks such as rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) internal navigator. 
B) mental map. 
C) mental GPS. 
D) cognitive blueprint. 
A) internal navigator. 
B) mental map. 
C) mental GPS. 
D) cognitive blueprint.

Conditioned taste aversion is usually established only after multiple US-CS pairings.

Extinction expunges an association from an organism's brain.

A talent competition judge tells a contestant that her audition was "brilliant . . . one of the best this season." The judge's response is an example of:

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

How is conditioned taste aversion an exception to the general principles of classical conditioning?

_____ refers to a behavior's disappearance when its reinforcer is removed.

A Skinner box provides a highly controlled environment allowing researchers to study how animal behavior varies with alterations in the environment.In this situation, animal behavior is a(n) _ variable.An alteration in the environment is a(n) _ variable.

The positive effects of partial reinforcement are more pronounced among individuals with ADHD.

A popular athlete endorses an athletic shoe in a series of glossy magazine ads. In the application of conditioning to advertising, which statement is correct?

A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone. The researcher then presents a low-pitched tone. The dog fails to salivate. The dog is demonstrating:

Recall Tolman and Honzik's classic latent learning experiment. The rats' error rate in navigating the maze is a(n) _ variable. In a graph of the experiment's results, the error rate is displayed on the _-axis.

Observational learning is to latent learning as _ is to _.

Which laboratory example reflects a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

In 2010, an advertising agency stopped paying bonuses to executives who attracted new clients. In 2011, the agency signed no new clients. This example illustrates:

______ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Which set is correct?

In real life, behavior is probably MOST often reinforced by _____ reinforcement.

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects stimulus:

Kate has a kind of picture in her head of her hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks such as rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n):

An Introduction to Psychology

Research Methods

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Sexuality and Gender

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 5: Consciousness

Conditioned taste aversion is usually established only after multiple US-CS pairings.

Extinction expunges an association from an organism's brain.

A talent competition judge tells a contestant that her audition was "brilliant . . . one of the best this season." The judge's response is an example of:

A late charge on one's utility bill exemplifies negative punishment.

How is conditioned taste aversion an exception to the general principles of classical conditioning?

_____ refers to a behavior's disappearance when its reinforcer is removed.

A Skinner box provides a highly controlled environment allowing researchers to study how animal behavior varies with alterations in the environment.In this situation, animal behavior is a(n) _____ variable.An alteration in the environment is a(n) _____ variable.

The positive effects of partial reinforcement are more pronounced among individuals with ADHD.

A popular athlete endorses an athletic shoe in a series of glossy magazine ads. In the application of conditioning to advertising, which statement is correct?

A scientist conditions a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a high-pitched tone. The researcher then presents a low-pitched tone. The dog fails to salivate. The dog is demonstrating:

Recall Tolman and Honzik's classic latent learning experiment. The rats' error rate in navigating the maze is a(n) _____ variable. In a graph of the experiment's results, the error rate is displayed on the _____-axis.

Observational learning is to latent learning as _____ is to _____.

Which laboratory example reflects a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement?

In 2010, an advertising agency stopped paying bonuses to executives who attracted new clients. In 2011, the agency signed no new clients. This example illustrates:

______ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that would elicit the same response naturally.

Which set is correct?

In real life, behavior is probably MOST often reinforced by _____ reinforcement.

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects stimulus:

Kate has a kind of picture in her head of her hometown, a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks such as rivers, buildings, freeways, and parks. This representation is called a(n):

An Introduction to Psychology

Research Methods

Biology and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Sexuality and Gender

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

A Skinner box provides a highly controlled environment allowing researchers to study how animal behavior varies with alterations in the environment.In this situation, animal behavior is a(n) _ variable.An alteration in the environment is a(n) _ variable.

Recall Tolman and Honzik's classic latent learning experiment. The rats' error rate in navigating the maze is a(n) _ variable. In a graph of the experiment's results, the error rate is displayed on the _-axis.

Observational learning is to latent learning as _ is to _.