Question 1

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Transient bacteremia

Accepted Answer

A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system 
A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system C

Question 2

A factor that contributes to the initiation of bloodstream infections is

Accepted Answer

A) immunosuppressive agents. 
B) broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress the normal flora. 
C) invasive procedures. 
D) prolonged survival of debilitated and seriously ill patients. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) immunosuppressive agents. 
B) broad-spectrum antibiotics that suppress the normal flora. 
C) invasive procedures. 
D) prolonged survival of debilitated and seriously ill patients. 
E) All of the above are correct. E

Question 3

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Septicemia

Accepted Answer

A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection B

Question 4

In the case of infants and small children, how much blood can usually be drawn for bacterial culture?

Accepted Answer

A) No more than 10 mL 
B) 1 to 5 mL 
C) 0.5 mL 
D) 1 mL 
A) No more than 10 mL 
B) 1 to 5 mL 
C) 0.5 mL 
D) 1 mL

Question 5

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Infective endocarditis

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection. 
A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.

Question 6

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Intravascular bloodstream infections

Accepted Answer

A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system 
A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system

Question 7

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Fungemia

Accepted Answer

A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system 
A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system

Question 8

The most common portal of entry for bacteremia is

Accepted Answer

A) the genitourinary tract. 
B) the respiratory tract. 
C) an abscess. 
D) a surgical wound infection. 
A) the genitourinary tract. 
B) the respiratory tract. 
C) an abscess. 
D) a surgical wound infection.

Question 9

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Mycotic aneurysm

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection. 
A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.

Question 10

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Disseminate

Accepted Answer

A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system 
A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system

Question 11

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Suppurative thrombophlebitis

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection. 
A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.

Question 12

Infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm, suppurative thrombophlebitis, and intravenous, catheter-associated bacteremia are

Accepted Answer

A) within the vascular system. 
B) caused by organisms that are present in the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate. 
C) continuous bacteremias. 
D) extremely serious and considered life-threatening. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) within the vascular system. 
B) caused by organisms that are present in the bloodstream at a fairly constant rate. 
C) continuous bacteremias. 
D) extremely serious and considered life-threatening. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 13

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Septic shock

Accepted Answer

A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection

Question 14

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Vegetation

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection. 
A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.

Question 15

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Extravascular bloodstream infections

Accepted Answer

A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection. 
A) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
B) An infection of the endocardium that is most commonly caused by bacteria 
C) A web of platelets, fibrin, inflammatory cells, and entrapped organisms that deposits on damaged cardiac endothelium 
D) An intravascular infection that causes inflammatory damage and weakening of an arterial wall, causing a bulging of the arterial wall that can eventually rupture 
E) An inflammation of a vein wall that is then seeded with organisms, thereby establishing a primary site of infection.

Question 16

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Intermittent bacteremia

Accepted Answer

A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system 
A) Condition wherein fungi are present in blood, occurring primarily in immunosuppressed patients and in those with serious or terminal illness 
B) The action of bacteria being carried, usually to all organs of the host, where they may grow, invade normal tissue, and produce toxic products 
C) A temporary, incidental presence of bacteria in the bloodstream 
D) The situation in which organisms are released into the bloodstream at a noncontinuous rate 
E) Infections that originate within the cardiovascular system

Question 17

Match the terms with their meaning.
-Endotoxin

Accepted Answer

A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection 
A) A lipopolysaccharide comprising part of the cell wall structure of gram-negative bacteria that has a strong effect on several physiologic functions during septicemia 
B) A condition in which bacteria or their products (toxins) are causing harm to the host 
C) The syndrome in which bacteremia causes disease, characterized by fever, acute respiratory distress, shock, renal failure, intravascular coagulation, and tissue destruction 
D) Infections that result from bacteria entering the blood circulation through the lymphatic system from another site of infection

Exam 49: Bloodstream Infections

Match the terms with their meaning. -Transient bacteremia

A factor that contributes to the initiation of bloodstream infections is

Match the terms with their meaning. -Septicemia

In the case of infants and small children, how much blood can usually be drawn for bacterial culture?

Match the terms with their meaning. -Infective endocarditis

Match the terms with their meaning. -Intravascular bloodstream infections

Match the terms with their meaning. -Fungemia

The most common portal of entry for bacteremia is

Match the terms with their meaning. -Mycotic aneurysm

Match the terms with their meaning. -Disseminate

Match the terms with their meaning. -Suppurative thrombophlebitis

Infective endocarditis, mycotic aneurysm, suppurative thrombophlebitis, and intravenous, catheter-associated bacteremia are

Match the terms with their meaning. -Septic shock

Match the terms with their meaning. -Vegetation

Match the terms with their meaning. -Extravascular bloodstream infections

Match the terms with their meaning. -Intermittent bacteremia

Match the terms with their meaning. -Endotoxin

Microbial Taxonomy

Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Infection Control

Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism New

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