Question 1

Transduction is defined as

Accepted Answer

A) the change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to another. 
B) an internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an organism's genome. 
C) the process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from one genomic location and insert into another. 
D) a mechanism that is mediated by viruses, by which DNA from two bacteria may come together in one cell, thus allowing for recombination. 
A) the change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to another. 
B) an internal change in the original nucleotide sequence of a gene or genes within an organism's genome. 
C) the process by which genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons excise from one genomic location and insert into another. 
D) a mechanism that is mediated by viruses, by which DNA from two bacteria may come together in one cell, thus allowing for recombination.

Question 2

"Miniature" chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular structures are called

Accepted Answer

A) transposons. 
B) insertion sequences. 
C) plasmids. 
D) chromatoids. 
A) transposons. 
B) insertion sequences. 
C) plasmids. 
D) chromatoids.

Question 3

The enzymes that add nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication process are called

Accepted Answer

A) replication enzymes. 
B) DNA polymerases. 
C) insertion sequence enzymes. 
D) transcriptases. 
A) replication enzymes. 
B) DNA polymerases. 
C) insertion sequence enzymes. 
D) transcriptases.

Question 4

The change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to another is known as

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transformation. 
D) recombination. 
A) mutation. 
B) transduction. 
C) transformation. 
D) recombination.

Question 5

All genes within an organism comprise that organism's

Accepted Answer

A) chromosome. 
B) genome. 
C) nucleotide. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid. 
A) chromosome. 
B) genome. 
C) nucleotide. 
D) deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 6

The pathway of metabolism that involves a series of electron transfers from reduced carrier molecules such as NADH₂ and NADPH₂ to a terminal electron acceptor is

Accepted Answer

A) substrate level phosphorylation. 
B) fermentative metabolism. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) aerobic respiration. 
E) anaerobic respiration. 
A) substrate level phosphorylation. 
B) fermentative metabolism. 
C) oxidative phosphorylation. 
D) aerobic respiration. 
E) anaerobic respiration.

Exam 2: Bacterial Genetics Metabolism and Structure

Transduction is defined as

"Miniature" chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular structures are called

The enzymes that add nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication process are called

The change of the bacterial genotypes through the exchange of DNA from one cell to another is known as

All genes within an organism comprise that organism's

The pathway of metabolism that involves a series of electron transfers from reduced carrier molecules such as NADH₂ and NADPH₂ to a terminal electron acceptor is

Microbial Taxonomy

Host-Microorganism Interactions

Laboratory Safety

Specimen Management

Role of Microscopy

Traditional Cultivation and Identification

Nucleic Acid-Based Analytic Methods for Microbial Identification and Characterization

Immunochemical Methods Used for Organism Detection

Serologic Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Principles of Antimicrobial Action Resistance

Laboratory Methods and Strategies for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, and Similar Organisms

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Similar Organisms

Bacillus and Similar Organisms

Listeria, Corynebacterium, and Similar Organisms

Erysipelothirix, Lactobacillus, and Similar Organisms

Nocardia, Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Oerskovia, and Similar Organisms

Enterobacteriaceae

Acinetobacter, Stenotrophomonas, and Other Organisms

Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Similar Organisms

Achromobacter, Rhizobium, Ochrobactrum, and Similar Organisms

Chryseobacterium, Sphingobacterium, and Similar Organisms

Alcaligenes, Bordetella Nonpertussis, Comamonas, and Similar Organisms

Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas Shigelloides, and Chromobacterium Violaceum

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis and Similar Organisms

Moraxella

Eikenella Corrodens and Similar Organisms

Pasteurella and Similar Organisms

Actinobacillus, Kingella, Cardiobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and Similar Organisms

Haemophilus

Bartonella and Afipia

Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and Helicobacter

Legionella

Brucella

Bordetella Pertussis and Bordetella Parapertussis

Francisella

Streptobacillus Moniliformis and Spirillum Minus

Neisseria and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Overview and General Considerations

Laboratory Considerations

Mycobacteria

Obligate Intracellular and Nonculturable Bacterial Agents

Cell Wall-Deficient Bacteria: Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

The Spirochetes

Laboratory Methods for Diagnosis of Parasitic Infections

Laboratory Methods in Basic Mycology

Laboratory Methods in Basic Virology

Bloodstream Infections

Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Other Infections of the Oral Cavity and Neck

Meningitis and Other Infections of the Central Nervous Systems

Infections of the Eyes, Ears, and Sinuses

Infections of the Urinary Tract

Genital Tract Infections

Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

Skin, Soft Tissue, and Wound Infections

Normally Sterile Body Fluids, Bone and Bone Marrow, and Solid Tissues

Laboratory Physical Design, Management, and Organization

Quality in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory

Infection Control

Sentinel Laboratory Response to Bioterrorism New

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