Question 1

Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  both passive and active transport processes. 
B)  cotransport with ions. 
C)  exchange with ions. 
D)  osmosis. 
A)  both passive and active transport processes. 
B)  cotransport with ions. 
C)  exchange with ions. 
D)  osmosis.

Question 2

Diabetes mellitus produces many homeostatic imbalances, including acidosis.The pH imbalance is due to ketoacidosis, which results from excessive accumulation of by-products of fat metabolism, as the body cannot meet energy needs from carbohydrate metabolism.Maria is a teenaged diabetic who sometimes rebels by not taking her insulin.Her mother takes her to the hospital because her breathing has become deep and gasping.Explain Maria's breathing pattern.Which other compensatory responses may occur, and would they occur earlier or later than the respiratory response?

Accepted Answer

Maria's respiratory system is responding

Question 3

Prolonged vomiting of the stomach's contents can result in

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated.If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal. 
B)  the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative. 
C)  abnormal cardiac rhythms. 
D)  muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  the potassium ion concentration of the interstitial fluid to be less than normal. 
B)  the membrane potential of nerves and muscles to be more negative. 
C)  abnormal cardiac rhythms. 
D)  muscle weakness and increased strength of twitch contractions. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called

Accepted Answer

A)  ketoacidosis. 
B)  lactic acidosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory acidosis. 
A)  ketoacidosis. 
B)  lactic acidosis. 
C)  metabolic alkalosis. 
D)  respiratory acidosis.

Question 6

The ________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  endothelial 
B)  intercalated 
C)  endocrine 
D)  granular 
A)  endothelial 
B)  intercalated 
C)  endocrine 
D)  granular

Question 7

A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The hormone that regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
B)  increases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
C)  only decreases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
D)  only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
A)  decreases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
B)  increases water permeability throughout the kidney tubules. 
C)  only decreases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules. 
D)  only increases water permeability in certain portions of the kidney tubules.

Question 9

When venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated.This results in

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of vasopressin. 
B)  inhibition of vasopressin secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst. 
A)  secretion of vasopressin. 
B)  inhibition of vasopressin secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst.

Question 10

When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure, this results in

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of vasopressin. 
B)  inhibition of vasopressin secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst. 
A)  secretion of vasopressin. 
B)  inhibition of vasopressin secretion. 
C)  increased glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreased urine production. 
E)  increased thirst.

Question 11

Two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure.These symptoms are the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic activation. 
B)  decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood. 
C)  decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity. 
E)  All of these mechanisms. 
A)  sympathetic activation. 
B)  decreased levels of epinephrine in the blood. 
C)  decreased activity of sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. 
D)  increased parasympathetic activity. 
E)  All of these mechanisms.

Question 12

The normal pH range for most body fluids is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  7 to 8 
B)  7.5 to 8 
C)  7.25 to 7.75 
D)  7.38 to 7.42 
A)  7 to 8 
B)  7.5 to 8 
C)  7.25 to 7.75 
D)  7.38 to 7.42

Question 13

Mr.Gregory comes to the doctor with high blood pressure.Tests show that he also has elevated levels of renin in his blood and atherosclerotic plaques that have nearly blocked blood flow through his renal arteries.Mr.Gregory is puzzled.Explain to him how decreased blood flow in his renal arteries could cause renin secretion to increase.Map the pathways through which elevated renin causes high blood pressure for Mr.Gregory.

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerotic plaques block blood flow

Question 14

The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent exchange system. 
B)  portal system. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger. 
A)  countercurrent exchange system. 
B)  portal system. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  countercurrent heat exchanger.

Question 15

Kidneys regulate

Accepted Answer

A)  water loss only. 
B)  water gain only. 
C)  both water loss and gain. 
A)  water loss only. 
B)  water gain only. 
C)  both water loss and gain.

Question 16

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be?

Accepted Answer

As long as the ratio of bicarbonate ion

Question 17

Which of the following leads to the lowest water loss during a day?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism 
B)  feces 
C)  skin 
D)  lungs 
E)  kidneys 
A)  metabolism 
B)  feces 
C)  skin 
D)  lungs 
E)  kidneys

Question 18

Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen production only 
B)  glycogen breakdown only 
C)  protein synthesis only 
D)  both glycogen production and protein synthesis 
E)  both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown 
A)  glycogen production only 
B)  glycogen breakdown only 
C)  protein synthesis only 
D)  both glycogen production and protein synthesis 
E)  both glycogen breakdown and protein breakdown

Question 19

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  erythropoietin. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
E)  adrenaline. 
A)  angiotensin I. 
B)  cortisol. 
C)  erythropoietin. 
D)  atrial natriuretic peptide. 
E)  adrenaline.

Question 20

Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  They cause active secretion of potassium in the loop of Henle. 
B)  They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle. 
C)  They inhibit intestinal absorption of potassium. 
D)  They cause active reabsorption of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule. 
A)  They cause active secretion of potassium in the loop of Henle. 
B)  They inhibit the reabsorption of potassium as well as sodium in the loop of Henle. 
C)  They inhibit intestinal absorption of potassium. 
D)  They cause active reabsorption of potassium in the distal convoluted tubule.

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Water reabsorption by the kidneys is a result of

Prolonged vomiting of the stomach's contents can result in

Dehydration may cause some ions to become concentrated.If a person was suffering from severe hyperkalemia, you would expect

Abnormal fat and amino acid metabolism may lead to the condition called

The ________ cells of the distal nephron are interspersed among the principal cells and contribute to acid-base regulation.

A person who suffers from emphysema will exhibit signs of

The hormone that regulates water reabsorption by the kidneys

When venous return is increased, stretch receptors in the atria of the heart are activated.This results in

When baroreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies register increased blood pressure, this results in

Two hours before major surgery is to begin, the patient experiences "jitters," an elevated heart rate and blood pressure.These symptoms are the result of

The normal pH range for most body fluids is ________.

The anatomical arrangement of the kidney that allows transfer of solutes from one blood vessel to another is called the

Kidneys regulate

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema.Blood tests show that his pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly.How can this be?

Which of the following leads to the lowest water loss during a day?

Shrinkage of hepatocytes in the liver causes them to cause which of the following?

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

Why do patients taking loop diuretics need to take supplemental potassium?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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