Question 1

Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  produced by cells in the heart 
B)  promotes sodium loss at the kidneys 
C)  reduces blood pressure 
D)  suppresses vasopressin secretion 
E)  increases aldosterone secretion 
A)  produced by cells in the heart 
B)  promotes sodium loss at the kidneys 
C)  reduces blood pressure 
D)  suppresses vasopressin secretion 
E)  increases aldosterone secretion

Question 2

In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A)  increased alveolar ventilation. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  decreased heart rate. 
D)  increased blood pH. 
A)  increased alveolar ventilation. 
B)  decreased blood pressure. 
C)  decreased heart rate. 
D)  increased blood pH.

Question 3

The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by the kidneys is

Accepted Answer

A)  vasopressin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  vasopressin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  angiotensin.

Question 4

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer stomach acid. 
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D)  buffer the urine. 
E)  increase the amount of carbonic acid during ventilation. 
A)  buffer stomach acid. 
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide. 
C)  prevent pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids. 
D)  buffer the urine. 
E)  increase the amount of carbonic acid during ventilation.

Question 5

The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.

Accepted Answer

A)  1200 
B)  100 
C)  300 
D)  900 
E)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  1200 
B)  100 
C)  300 
D)  900 
E)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 6

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

Accepted Answer

A)  cortisol. 
B)  parathormone. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  aldosterone. 
A)  cortisol. 
B)  parathormone. 
C)  thymosin. 
D)  somatotropin. 
E)  aldosterone.

Question 7

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H₂O and CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is called

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonic anhydrase. 
B)  bicarbonate ion. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  renin. 
A)  carbonic anhydrase. 
B)  bicarbonate ion. 
C)  carbonic acid. 
D)  renin.

Question 8

The cellular mechanisms for renal handling of H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ involve several membrane transporters; name three.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
1.ap

Question 9

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood. 
B)  promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C)  helps decrease blood volume. 
D)  increases the concentration of sodium in urine. 
E)  functions in pH regulation. 
A)  is secreted in response to elevated levels of sodium in the blood. 
B)  promotes sodium retention in the kidneys. 
C)  helps decrease blood volume. 
D)  increases the concentration of sodium in urine. 
E)  functions in pH regulation.

Question 10

An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

Accepted Answer

A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyperpotassemia. 
C)  hyperpotasseplasmia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  hypercalcemia. 
A)  hypernatremia. 
B)  hyperpotassemia. 
C)  hyperpotasseplasmia. 
D)  hyperkalemia. 
E)  hypercalcemia.

Question 11

Which effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  no effect 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  no effect

Question 12

When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete more sodium ions. 
B)  excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  reabsorb more potassium ions. 
D)  reabsorb more hydrogen ions. 
E)  reabsorb less water. 
A)  excrete more sodium ions. 
B)  excrete more bicarbonate ions. 
C)  reabsorb more potassium ions. 
D)  reabsorb more hydrogen ions. 
E)  reabsorb less water.

Question 13

Draw a map that shows the renal compensation for acidosis.Draw another map for alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

Figure 20.18 shows c

Question 14

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in increased

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure. 
B)  retention of sodium ions at the kidney. 
C)  water retention. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  All of these effects. 
A)  blood pressure. 
B)  retention of sodium ions at the kidney. 
C)  water retention. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  All of these effects.

Question 15

The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive and respiratory. 
B)  urinary and respiratory. 
C)  cardiovascular and respiratory. 
D)  urinary and cardiovascular. 
E)  digestive and cardiovascular. 
A)  digestive and respiratory. 
B)  urinary and respiratory. 
C)  cardiovascular and respiratory. 
D)  urinary and cardiovascular. 
E)  digestive and cardiovascular.

Question 16

Granular cells secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensin I. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  renin. 
E)  angiotensin converting enzyme. 
A)  angiotensinogen. 
B)  angiotensin I. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  renin. 
E)  angiotensin converting enzyme.

Question 17

Kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly 
B)  quickly 
A)  slowly 
B)  quickly

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with compensated respiratory alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  tidal volume increases 
C)  kidneys conserve bicarbonate 
D)  kidneys secrete fewer hydrogen ions 
E)  body retains less carbon dioxide 
A)  respiratory rate increases 
B)  tidal volume increases 
C)  kidneys conserve bicarbonate 
D)  kidneys secrete fewer hydrogen ions 
E)  body retains less carbon dioxide

Question 19

An explorer has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water.As a result, you would expect to observe

Accepted Answer

A)  elevated vasopressin levels. 
B)  decreased blood osmolarity. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid. 
A)  elevated vasopressin levels. 
B)  decreased blood osmolarity. 
C)  normal urine production. 
D)  increased blood volume. 
E)  cells enlarged with fluid.

Question 20

Most body water is located in

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma. 
B)  interstitial fluid. 
C)  cells. 
D)  lumens of organs open to the outside. 
A)  plasma. 
B)  interstitial fluid. 
C)  cells. 
D)  lumens of organs open to the outside.

Exam 20: Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Which of the following concerning the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is False?

In response to a rapid increase of organic acid in the body, you would expect to observe

The hormone that directly controls water reabsorption by the kidneys is

The primary role of the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

The osmolarity in the deepest part of the loop of Henle is ________ mOsM.

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion concentration of the blood is

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of H₂O and CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is called

The cellular mechanisms for renal handling of H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ involve several membrane transporters; name three.

Aldosterone

An increase in plasma potassium levels is properly called

Which effect would a decrease in pH have on the amount of potassium ion in the urine?

When the pH of the extracellular fluid declines, the kidneys

Draw a map that shows the renal compensation for acidosis.Draw another map for alkalosis.

A rise in angiotensin II levels would result in increased

The two organ systems that work together to regulate most aspects of the body's water balance are

Granular cells secrete

Kidneys respond relatively ________ to changes in blood volume.

Which of the following is most likely to be observed in a patient with compensated respiratory alkalosis?

An explorer has been lost in the desert for two days with very little water.As a result, you would expect to observe

Most body water is located in

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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