Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Freedmen's Bureau

Accepted Answer

The Freedmen's Bureau, officially known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, was a U.S. federal government agency established in 1865, shortly before the end of the American Civil War. Its primary purpose was to aid and protect the newly freed African American slaves in the South during the Reconstruction era.

The historical significance of the Freedmen's Bureau lies in its role as the first federal agency in American history that was specifically designed to address the needs of African Americans. The Bureau provided various forms of assistance, including:

1. **Social Services**: It distributed food and clothing to destitute individuals, both black and white, in the aftermath of the war.

2. **Education**: The Bureau played a crucial role in the establishment of schools for freed slaves, including the founding of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). It helped in the creation of educational opportunities that were previously denied to African Americans under slavery.

3. **Legal Assistance**: The Bureau helped freedmen legalize marriages and locate lost family members. It also provided legal representation to African Americans in both civil and criminal cases, helping to protect their rights in a hostile Southern legal environment.

4. **Employment**: The Bureau negotiated labor contracts between freedmen and landowners and monitored the treatment of laborers, attempting to ensure fair wages and working conditions.

5. **Land Redistribution**: Although the Bureau attempted to redistribute land to former slaves (the famous "40 acres and a mule" policy), this aspect of its mission was largely unsuccessful due to political opposition and the restoration of land to former Confederate owners.

The Freedmen's Bureau faced significant opposition from Southern whites and was often hampered by inadequate funding and staffing. Despite these challenges, it made notable strides in improving the lives of African Americans during its existence. However, the Bureau was dissolved in 1872, and many of its programs were prematurely terminated, leaving a lasting impact on the social and economic development of African Americans.

The legacy of the Freedmen's Bureau is mixed. While it was a groundbreaking agency that set a precedent for federal involvement in social welfare and civil rights, its limited success and the eventual compromise that ended Reconstruction left many of its promises unfulfilled. Nevertheless, the Bureau's efforts laid the groundwork for future civil rights advancements and highlighted the federal government's responsibility to protect the rights of all citizens.

Question 2

What role did each of the following play in the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy: Black Codes,Southern election of former Confederates,and President Johnson's personality and actions?

Accepted Answer

The Black Codes played a significant role in the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy by enraging Northern Republicans and fueling their determination to protect the rights of newly freed African Americans. These discriminatory laws, enacted by Southern states, aimed to restrict the freedom and economic opportunities of black citizens, leading to widespread outrage and calls for federal intervention.

The Southern election of former Confederates also contributed to the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy. The election of former Confederates to positions of power in the Southern states signaled a return to the pre-war status quo and a rejection of the rights and freedoms of African Americans. This further galvanized Northern Republicans to take action to ensure that the goals of Reconstruction were upheld.

President Johnson's personality and actions also played a crucial role in the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy. Johnson, who succeeded Abraham Lincoln after his assassination, was a Southern Democrat with lenient views towards the former Confederate states. His opposition to radical Reconstruction measures and his use of veto power to block legislation aimed at protecting the rights of African Americans led to a breakdown in relations with Congress and ultimately resulted in the passage of the Reconstruction Acts, which shifted control over Reconstruction policy from the president to Congress.

In summary, the Black Codes, Southern election of former Confederates, and President Johnson's personality and actions all contributed to the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy by fueling Northern Republican outrage and determination to protect the rights of newly freed African Americans and by highlighting the need for federal intervention to ensure the success of Reconstruction efforts.

Question 3

The Exodusters' westward mass migration finally faltered when

Accepted Answer

A)  homesteading on the Great Plains proved more difficult than expected. 
B)  the Fifteenth Amendment was passed. 
C)  steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi. 
D)  white Kansans passed strict segregation laws. 
E)  the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution finally passed. 
A)  homesteading on the Great Plains proved more difficult than expected. 
B)  the Fifteenth Amendment was passed. 
C)  steamboat captains refused to transport more former slaves across the Mississippi. 
D)  white Kansans passed strict segregation laws. 
E)  the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution finally passed. C

Question 4

Why was President Johnson impeached? Why didn't the Senate convict him of "high crimes and misdemeanors"? Would Johnson's conviction have permanently altered the balance of power between Congress and the President?

Accepted Answer

President Johnson was impeached by the H

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Ku Klux Klan

Accepted Answer

The Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated as t

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Oliver O.Howard

Accepted Answer

Oliver Otis Howard (1830–1909) was a car

Question 7

Congress objected to the readmission of Southern states to the Union under Johnson's plan because

Accepted Answer

A)  the states had adopted Black Codes that limited the civil rights of freed slaves. 
B)  the states had been readmitted without consultation with Congress. 
C)  many former Confederates were elected to high political office in those states. 
D)  it feared that the restored South would be stronger than ever in national politics. 
E)  they feared that the South would just secede again if it didn't get its way. 
A)  the states had adopted Black Codes that limited the civil rights of freed slaves. 
B)  the states had been readmitted without consultation with Congress. 
C)  many former Confederates were elected to high political office in those states. 
D)  it feared that the restored South would be stronger than ever in national politics. 
E)  they feared that the South would just secede again if it didn't get its way.

Question 8

At the end of the Civil War,many white Southerners

Accepted Answer

A)  reluctantly supported the federal government. 
B)  were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States. 
C)  declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States. 
D)  asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote. 
E)  still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just. 
A)  reluctantly supported the federal government. 
B)  were ready to plan a future uprising against the United States. 
C)  declared themselves citizens of their states but not of the United States. 
D)  asked for pardons so that they could once again hold political office and vote. 
E)  still believed that their view of secession was correct and their cause was just.

Question 9

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to

Accepted Answer

A)  guarantee freedom for the blacks. 
B)  ensure a stable and subservient labor supply. 
C)  prevent interracial sex and marriage. 
D)  prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers. 
E)  create a system of justice for ex-slaves. 
A)  guarantee freedom for the blacks. 
B)  ensure a stable and subservient labor supply. 
C)  prevent interracial sex and marriage. 
D)  prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers. 
E)  create a system of justice for ex-slaves.

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Wade-Davis Bill

Accepted Answer

The Wade-Davis Bill was a piece of legis

Question 11

In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction,President Lincoln promised

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. 
B)  former slaves the right to vote. 
C)  the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power. 
D)  severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders. 
E)  a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote. 
A)  rapid readmission of Southern states into the Union. 
B)  former slaves the right to vote. 
C)  the restoration of the planter aristocracy to political power. 
D)  severe punishment of Southern political and military leaders. 
E)  a plan to allow 10 percent of blacks to vote.

Question 12

As part of their Reconstruction plan,radical Republicans originally expected to

Accepted Answer

A)  secure civil rights for freed slaves. 
B)  punish the planter aristocracy. 
C)  restructure Southern society. 
D)  have President Johnson on their side. 
E)  use federal power to aid blacks. 
A)  secure civil rights for freed slaves. 
B)  punish the planter aristocracy. 
C)  restructure Southern society. 
D)  have President Johnson on their side. 
E)  use federal power to aid blacks.

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Tenure of Office Act

Accepted Answer

The Tenure of Office Act was a United St

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-moderate/radical Republicans

Accepted Answer

Moderate and radical Republicans were tw

Question 15

From 1878 to 1880,some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana,Texas,and Mississippi were known as the Exodusters; they were

Accepted Answer

A)  black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus. 
B)  black migrants from the South to Northern cities. 
C)  black freedman who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas. 
D)  a political organization developed by the freedmen. 
E)  black homesteaders in Oklahoma and Kansas who eventually fled the dust bowl. 
A)  black church leaders who linked emancipation to the Book of Exodus. 
B)  black migrants from the South to Northern cities. 
C)  black freedman who left the South to seek opportunity in Kansas. 
D)  a political organization developed by the freedmen. 
E)  black homesteaders in Oklahoma and Kansas who eventually fled the dust bowl.

Question 16

____ believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore,"conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded.

Accepted Answer

A)  War Democrats 
B)  The Supreme Court 
C)  President Lincoln 
D)  President Johnson 
E)  Congressional Republicans 
A)  War Democrats 
B)  The Supreme Court 
C)  President Lincoln 
D)  President Johnson 
E)  Congressional Republicans

Question 17

Had you been present,would you have been a supporter of President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction,a moderate Republican,or a radical Republican? Why?

Accepted Answer

If I had been present during President J

Question 18

As a politician,Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  supporter of the planter aristocrats. 
B)  opponent of slavery. 
C)  inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker. 
D)  champion of the poor whites. 
E)  secret Confederate sympathizer. 
A)  supporter of the planter aristocrats. 
B)  opponent of slavery. 
C)  inspiring and calmly eloquent speaker. 
D)  champion of the poor whites. 
E)  secret Confederate sympathizer.

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-sharecropping

Accepted Answer

Sharecropping is a system of agriculture

Question 20

Compare and contrast Lincoln's,Johnson's,and Congress's plans for Reconstruction.Cite what was included and what was omitted.Which program do you think was the best? Why?

Accepted Answer

Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction, also

Exam 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction,1865-1877

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Freedmen's Bureau

What role did each of the following play in the congressional assumption of control over Reconstruction policy: Black Codes,Southern election of former Confederates,and President Johnson's personality and actions?

The Exodusters' westward mass migration finally faltered when

Why was President Johnson impeached? Why didn't the Senate convict him of "high crimes and misdemeanors"? Would Johnson's conviction have permanently altered the balance of power between Congress and the President?

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Ku Klux Klan

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Oliver O.Howard

Congress objected to the readmission of Southern states to the Union under Johnson's plan because

At the end of the Civil War,many white Southerners

The main purpose of the Black Codes was to

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Wade-Davis Bill

In his 10 percent plan for Reconstruction,President Lincoln promised

As part of their Reconstruction plan,radical Republicans originally expected to

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Tenure of Office Act

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -moderate/radical Republicans

From 1878 to 1880,some twenty-five thousand blacks from Louisiana,Texas,and Mississippi were known as the Exodusters; they were

____ believed that the Southern states had completely left the Union and were therefore,"conquered provinces" that had to seek readmission on whatever terms Congress demanded.

Had you been present,would you have been a supporter of President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction,a moderate Republican,or a radical Republican? Why?

As a politician,Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as a(n)

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -sharecropping

Compare and contrast Lincoln's,Johnson's,and Congress's plans for Reconstruction.Cite what was included and what was omitted.Which program do you think was the best? Why?

New World Beginnings,33,000 B.C.E.-1769 C.E.

The Planting of English America,1500-1733

Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700

American Life in the Seventeenth Century,1607-1692

Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution,1700-1775

The Duel for North America,1608-1763

The Road to Revolution,1763-1775

America Secedes from the Empire,1775-1783

The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790

Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800

The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812

The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism,1812-1824

The Rise of a Mass Democracy,1824-1840

Forging the National Economy,1790-1860

The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860

The South and the Slavery Controversy,1793-1860

Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848

Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854

Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861

Girding for War: The North and the South,1861-1865

The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865

Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age,1869-1896

Industry Comes of Age,1865-1900

America Moves to the City,1865-1900

The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution,1865-1896

Empire and Expansion,1890-1909

Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt,1901-1912

Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad,1912-1916

The War to End War,1917-1918

American Life in the "Roaring Twenties",1919-1929

The Politics of Boom and Bust,1920-1932

The Great Depression and the New Deal,1933-1939

Franklin D.Roosevelt and the Shadow of War,1933-1941

America in World War II,1941-1945

The Cold War Begins,1945-1952

The Eisenhower Era,1952-1960

The Stormy Sixties,1960-1968

The Stalemated Seventies,1968-1980

The Resurgence of Conservatism,1980-1992

America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era,1992-2009

The American People Face a New Century

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