Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-"virtual" representation

Accepted Answer

"Virtual" representation was a concept that emerged in 18th-century British political thought and was particularly significant in the context of the relationship between Britain and its American colonies. The term refers to the idea that members of Parliament, regardless of their specific constituencies, represented the interests of all British subjects, including those in the colonies who did not have their own direct representatives in Parliament.

Historical Significance:

1. Justification for Taxation: The British government used the concept of virtual representation to justify its authority to tax the American colonies. Since the colonists did not have their own MPs, the British argued that the interests of the colonists were nonetheless "virtually" represented by all MPs. This meant that, in theory, the colonists were part of the British political system and subject to its laws and taxes, even though they had no direct say in electing those who made the laws.

2. American Revolution: The idea of virtual representation was a major point of contention leading up to the American Revolution. The colonists rejected this notion, coining the phrase "no taxation without representation" to express their belief that they should not be taxed by a government in which they had no direct representation. This became a rallying cry for the colonists and one of the ideological underpinnings of the American Revolution.

3. Development of Representative Democracy: The rejection of virtual representation by the American colonists highlighted the importance of direct representation in a functioning democracy. It contributed to the development of the concept that legislators should be directly elected by the people they represent, a principle that has become a cornerstone of modern representative democracies.

4. Expansion of Suffrage: The debate over virtual versus direct representation also played a role in the broader movement for democratic reform in Britain and elsewhere. Over time, it helped to fuel arguments for expanding the franchise so that more people could have a direct say in choosing their representatives.

In summary, the concept of virtual representation was historically significant because it was a central issue in the disputes between Britain and its American colonies, ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the American Revolution and influencing the development of democratic principles regarding representation and taxation.

Question 2

Republican belief held that the stability of society and the authority of the government

Accepted Answer

A)  rested with the legislature. 
B)  depended on a strong hierarchical culture. 
C)  rested with a strong monarchy. 
D)  rested on an interdependence of all citizens. 
E)  depended on the virtue of its citizenry. 
A)  rested with the legislature. 
B)  depended on a strong hierarchical culture. 
C)  rested with a strong monarchy. 
D)  rested on an interdependence of all citizens. 
E)  depended on the virtue of its citizenry. E

Question 3

The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except

Accepted Answer

A)  poor organization. 
B)  sectional jealousy, which constantly interfered with the appointment of military leaders. 
C)  great difficulties in raising money to support the army. 
D)  the use of numerous European officers. 
E)  a weak central authority running the war effort. 
A)  poor organization. 
B)  sectional jealousy, which constantly interfered with the appointment of military leaders. 
C)  great difficulties in raising money to support the army. 
D)  the use of numerous European officers. 
E)  a weak central authority running the war effort. D

Question 4

The First Continental Congress was called in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain. 
B)  become a legislative body. 
C)  write the Declaration of Independence. 
D)  decide which of Parliament's taxes the colonies would and would not pay. 
E)  help implement provisions of the Quebec Act. 
A)  consider ways of redressing colonial grievances against Britain. 
B)  become a legislative body. 
C)  write the Declaration of Independence. 
D)  decide which of Parliament's taxes the colonies would and would not pay. 
E)  help implement provisions of the Quebec Act.

Question 5

The First Continental Congress

Accepted Answer

A)  was attended by delegates from each of the thirteen colonies. 
B)  adopted a moderate proposal for establishing a kind of home rule for the colonies under British direction. 
C)  made a ringing declaration of America's independence from Britain. 
D)  called for a complete boycott of British goods. 
E)  adjourned shortly after convening. 
A)  was attended by delegates from each of the thirteen colonies. 
B)  adopted a moderate proposal for establishing a kind of home rule for the colonies under British direction. 
C)  made a ringing declaration of America's independence from Britain. 
D)  called for a complete boycott of British goods. 
E)  adjourned shortly after convening.

Question 6

Virtual representation meant that

Accepted Answer

A)  almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament. 
B)  every member of Parliament represented all British subjects everywhere. 
C)  colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament. 
D)  Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes. 
E)  each member of Parliament represented only people in his district. 
A)  almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament. 
B)  every member of Parliament represented all British subjects everywhere. 
C)  colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament. 
D)  Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes. 
E)  each member of Parliament represented only people in his district.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  By 1773, it was clear that a colonial rebellion was inevitable. 
B)  British officials granted the British East India Company a monopoly in the colonies to prevent its bankruptcy. 
C)  Anger at the tea tax led to mass efforts to turn cargo ships around in New York, Philadelphia, and Annapolis. 
D)  Bostonians dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the tea tax. 
E)  Some Bostonians supported the Boston Tea Party; others disagreed with the destruction of property. 
A)  By 1773, it was clear that a colonial rebellion was inevitable. 
B)  British officials granted the British East India Company a monopoly in the colonies to prevent its bankruptcy. 
C)  Anger at the tea tax led to mass efforts to turn cargo ships around in New York, Philadelphia, and Annapolis. 
D)  Bostonians dressed as Indians dumped 342 chests of tea into Boston harbor in protest of the tea tax. 
E)  Some Bostonians supported the Boston Tea Party; others disagreed with the destruction of property.

Question 8

The British Crown's royal veto of colonial legislation

Accepted Answer

A)  was used frequently to overturn laws passed in colonial assemblies. 
B)  prohibited colonists from conducting the slave trade. 
C)  was what finally provoked the War of Independence. 
D)  was used sparingly by the British Parliament. 
E)  was opposed by many members of the British Parliament. 
A)  was used frequently to overturn laws passed in colonial assemblies. 
B)  prohibited colonists from conducting the slave trade. 
C)  was what finally provoked the War of Independence. 
D)  was used sparingly by the British Parliament. 
E)  was opposed by many members of the British Parliament.

Question 9

Colonists disliked the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders

Accepted Answer

A)  would be assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent. 
B)  would be taken to England for trial. 
C)  could not present witnesses in their own defense. 
D)  would not receive a jury trial. 
E)  could not have an attorney. 
A)  would be assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent. 
B)  would be taken to England for trial. 
C)  could not present witnesses in their own defense. 
D)  would not receive a jury trial. 
E)  could not have an attorney.

Question 10

The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  turn an extensive amount of territory over to Catholic control. 
B)  affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts. 
C)  deny the French the right to retain many of their old customs. 
D)  alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area snatched from their grasp. 
E)  set a dangerous precedent against jury trials. 
A)  turn an extensive amount of territory over to Catholic control. 
B)  affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts. 
C)  deny the French the right to retain many of their old customs. 
D)  alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area snatched from their grasp. 
E)  set a dangerous precedent against jury trials.

Question 11

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts

Accepted Answer

A)  British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order. 
B)  the port of Boston was closed. 
C)  Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre. 
D)  Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation. 
E)  Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign. 
A)  British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order. 
B)  the port of Boston was closed. 
C)  Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre. 
D)  Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation. 
E)  Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign.

Question 12

Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was a very expensive tax. 
B)  they believed it could not be repealed. 
C)  Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists. 
D)  they opposed all taxes. 
E)  they wanted their independence. 
A)  it was a very expensive tax. 
B)  they believed it could not be repealed. 
C)  Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists. 
D)  they opposed all taxes. 
E)  they wanted their independence.

Question 13

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

Accepted Answer

A)  Stamp Act. 
B)  Declaratory Act. 
C)  Townshend Acts. 
D)  Quartering Act. 
E)  Sugar Act. 
A)  Stamp Act. 
B)  Declaratory Act. 
C)  Townshend Acts. 
D)  Quartering Act. 
E)  Sugar Act.

Question 14

Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act in all of the following ways except

Accepted Answer

A)  convening a colonial congress to request repeal of the act. 
B)  boycotting British goods. 
C)  via violence in several colonial towns. 
D)  wearing woolen clothes made with colonial textiles vs. British cloth. 
E)  having colonial legislatures issue a court mandate forbidding the enforcement of the act. 
A)  convening a colonial congress to request repeal of the act. 
B)  boycotting British goods. 
C)  via violence in several colonial towns. 
D)  wearing woolen clothes made with colonial textiles vs. British cloth. 
E)  having colonial legislatures issue a court mandate forbidding the enforcement of the act.

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Samuel Adams

Accepted Answer

Samuel Adams (1722–1803) was a key figur

Question 16

Match each act below with the correct description.

Accepted Answer

A)  A-3, B-2, C-l 
B)  A-1, B-4, C-3 
C)  A-1, B-4, C-2 
D)  A-4, B-1, C-2 
E)  A-2, B-1, C-4 
A)  A-3, B-2, C-l 
B)  A-1, B-4, C-3 
C)  A-1, B-4, C-2 
D)  A-4, B-1, C-2 
E)  A-2, B-1, C-4

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
-Benjamin Franklin

Accepted Answer

Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) was one of

Question 18

The Quebec Act

Accepted Answer

A)  outlawed Catholicism in British Quebec. 
B)  suspended representative assemblies and trials by jury. 
C)  restricted Quebec's boundaries to the area north of the Great Lakes. 
D)  was generally ignored by the thirteen seaboard colonies because it had little effect on their relations with Britain. 
E)  granted Quebec a representative assembly and trial by jury. 
A)  outlawed Catholicism in British Quebec. 
B)  suspended representative assemblies and trials by jury. 
C)  restricted Quebec's boundaries to the area north of the Great Lakes. 
D)  was generally ignored by the thirteen seaboard colonies because it had little effect on their relations with Britain. 
E)  granted Quebec a representative assembly and trial by jury.

Question 19

The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

Accepted Answer

A)  raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense. 
B)  punish the American colonists. 
C)  reduce the number of printed documents in America. 
D)  enable tax collectors to become wealthy. 
E)  raise taxes to a higher level than in Britain. 
A)  raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense. 
B)  punish the American colonists. 
C)  reduce the number of printed documents in America. 
D)  enable tax collectors to become wealthy. 
E)  raise taxes to a higher level than in Britain.

Question 20

When colonists shouted "No taxation without representation," they were denying Parliament's power to

Accepted Answer

A)  legislate for the colonies in any matter whatsoever. 
B)  levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies. 
C)  enforce the old Navigation Laws. 
D)  regulate trade in the empire. 
E)  choose colonial legislators who would pass taxes. 
A)  legislate for the colonies in any matter whatsoever. 
B)  levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies. 
C)  enforce the old Navigation Laws. 
D)  regulate trade in the empire. 
E)  choose colonial legislators who would pass taxes.

Exam 7: The Road to Revolution,1763-1775

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -"virtual" representation

Republican belief held that the stability of society and the authority of the government

The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except

The First Continental Congress was called in order to

The First Continental Congress

Virtual representation meant that

Which of the following statements is false?

The British Crown's royal veto of colonial legislation

Colonists disliked the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders

The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts

Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

Colonists responded to the hated Stamp Act in all of the following ways except

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Samuel Adams

Match each act below with the correct description.

Identify and state the historical significance of the following: -Benjamin Franklin

The Quebec Act

The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

When colonists shouted "No taxation without representation," they were denying Parliament's power to

New World Beginnings,33,000 B.C.E.-1769 C.E.

The Planting of English America,1500-1733

Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700

American Life in the Seventeenth Century,1607-1692

Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution,1700-1775

The Duel for North America,1608-1763

America Secedes from the Empire,1775-1783

The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790

Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800

The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812

The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism,1812-1824

The Rise of a Mass Democracy,1824-1840

Forging the National Economy,1790-1860

The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860

The South and the Slavery Controversy,1793-1860

Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848

Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854

Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861

Girding for War: The North and the South,1861-1865

The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865

The Ordeal of Reconstruction,1865-1877

Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age,1869-1896

Industry Comes of Age,1865-1900

America Moves to the City,1865-1900

The Great West and the Agricultural Revolution,1865-1896

Empire and Expansion,1890-1909

Progressivism and the Republican Roosevelt,1901-1912

Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad,1912-1916

The War to End War,1917-1918

American Life in the "Roaring Twenties",1919-1929

The Politics of Boom and Bust,1920-1932

The Great Depression and the New Deal,1933-1939

Franklin D.Roosevelt and the Shadow of War,1933-1941

America in World War II,1941-1945

The Cold War Begins,1945-1952

The Eisenhower Era,1952-1960

The Stormy Sixties,1960-1968

The Stalemated Seventies,1968-1980

The Resurgence of Conservatism,1980-1992

America Confronts the Post-Cold War Era,1992-2009

The American People Face a New Century

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