Question 1

With regard to Marxism, Fascists

Accepted Answer

A) ​were largely receptive to Marxist goals. 
B) ​believed Marxism strengthened the state economy. 
C) ​embraced the Marxist call for workers to unite. 
D) ​rejected class conflict as dangerously divisive. 
E) ​all of the none 
A) ​were largely receptive to Marxist goals. 
B) ​believed Marxism strengthened the state economy. 
C) ​embraced the Marxist call for workers to unite. 
D) ​rejected class conflict as dangerously divisive. 
E) ​all of the none

Question 2

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Comment on the effectiveness of parliamentary systems in three of the following countries during the 1930s: Spain, Austria, Hungary, or Czechoslovakia.

Accepted Answer

During the 1930s, parliamentary systems

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT  be an example of socialist realism?

Accepted Answer

A) o fficial cheerfulness and excitement about the emergence of socialism 
B) e radication of remnants of bourgeois tastes or mentality 
C) m usic depicting the wise father and leader, Stalin 
D) g raphic portrayal of the social problems left to solve 
E) h appy workers falling in love while building a new society 
A) o fficial cheerfulness and excitement about the emergence of socialism 
B) e radication of remnants of bourgeois tastes or mentality 
C) m usic depicting the wise father and leader, Stalin 
D) g raphic portrayal of the social problems left to solve 
E) h appy workers falling in love while building a new society

Question 4

Within two decades after World War I, which of the following saw the collapse of democracy and the rise of authoritarian government?

Accepted Answer

A) Spain 
B) Portugal 
C) Yugoslavia 
D) Italy 
E) all of the above 
A) Spain 
B) Portugal 
C) Yugoslavia 
D) Italy 
E) all of the above

Question 5

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

Accepted Answer

A) included 550,000 peasants who resisted grain requisitions. 
B) totaled 1.2 million. 
C) were minimal. 
D) totaled 1.2 million, not counting executed Jews, famine deaths, and political opponents. 
E) were kept relatively low for a number of reasons, including a well-trained medical corps from the First World War. 
A) included 550,000 peasants who resisted grain requisitions. 
B) totaled 1.2 million. 
C) were minimal. 
D) totaled 1.2 million, not counting executed Jews, famine deaths, and political opponents. 
E) were kept relatively low for a number of reasons, including a well-trained medical corps from the First World War.

Question 6

Historians would agree that Mussolini

Accepted Answer

A) was determined to gain power legally. 
B) antagonized Victor Emmanuel III on his way to power. 
C) relied on the counsel of Matteotti. 
D) succeeded because the liberal Italian government was weak and gave in to his threats. 
E) was the first to create a totalitarian state. 
A) was determined to gain power legally. 
B) antagonized Victor Emmanuel III on his way to power. 
C) relied on the counsel of Matteotti. 
D) succeeded because the liberal Italian government was weak and gave in to his threats. 
E) was the first to create a totalitarian state.

Question 7

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Black Shirts

Accepted Answer

The Black Shirts were a paramilitary gro

Question 8

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. It has been said that revolutionaries often become more tyrannical than those they have overthrown. Does this remark apply to the era of the early Russian Revolution? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The remark that revolutionaries often be

Question 9

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Action Française

Accepted Answer

The Action Française was a French far-ri

Question 10

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 Gleichschaltung

Accepted Answer

Gleichschaltung is a German term that tr

Question 11

At the end of World War I, Italy suffered from all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) ​an overtaxed middle class whose savings were disappearing because of inflation. 
B) ​regional difference that threatened to dissolve the country. 
C) ​food shortages and violent strikes. 
D) ​paralyzed democratic governments. 
E) ​workers occupying factories, and peasant squatting on unused land. 
A) ​an overtaxed middle class whose savings were disappearing because of inflation. 
B) ​regional difference that threatened to dissolve the country. 
C) ​food shortages and violent strikes. 
D) ​paralyzed democratic governments. 
E) ​workers occupying factories, and peasant squatting on unused land.

Question 12

The ultimate point of collectivization was to

Accepted Answer

A) exterminate the peasants. 
B) organize peasants like factory workers. 
C) conscript peasants into the army. 
D) bring women into agricultural labor. 
E) improve conditions for farmers. 
A) exterminate the peasants. 
B) organize peasants like factory workers. 
C) conscript peasants into the army. 
D) bring women into agricultural labor. 
E) improve conditions for farmers.

Question 13

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 socialist realism

Accepted Answer

Socialist realism is a style of art and

Question 14

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? 
 esprit de corps

Accepted Answer

Esprit de corps is a French term that re

Question 15

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

Accepted Answer

A) Metamyth refers to the false distinction between F ascism and C ommunism. 
B) Metamyth is any pronouncement by a totalitarian regime that is not objectively valid. 
C) Metamyth refers to the alleged grand, transcendental truth supplied by the party and intended to liberate people from a lack of certainty. 
D) Metamyth refers to the false story of Stalin's supposed heroic deeds in the November Revolution. 
E) Metamyth refers to traditional religions which totalitarianism condemns as "opiates of the people." 
A) Metamyth refers to the false distinction between F ascism and C ommunism. 
B) Metamyth is any pronouncement by a totalitarian regime that is not objectively valid. 
C) Metamyth refers to the alleged grand, transcendental truth supplied by the party and intended to liberate people from a lack of certainty. 
D) Metamyth refers to the false story of Stalin's supposed heroic deeds in the November Revolution. 
E) Metamyth refers to traditional religions which totalitarianism condemns as "opiates of the people."

Question 16

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe events in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period?

Accepted Answer

A) Parliamentary governments were very successful in Eastern Europe. 
B) Czechoslovakia was the most advanced country in the region, and its democratic system was the most resilient. 
C) Austria suffered from massive economic dislocation due to the loss of its empire. 
D) Hungary experienced a brief Communist revolution in 1919, but by the 1930, was drifting toward an alliance with Germany because of its desire to regain its lost territories. 
E) Most states in the region developed either royal or military dictatorships. 
A) Parliamentary governments were very successful in Eastern Europe. 
B) Czechoslovakia was the most advanced country in the region, and its democratic system was the most resilient. 
C) Austria suffered from massive economic dislocation due to the loss of its empire. 
D) Hungary experienced a brief Communist revolution in 1919, but by the 1930, was drifting toward an alliance with Germany because of its desire to regain its lost territories. 
E) Most states in the region developed either royal or military dictatorships.

Question 17

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) ignoring the need for popular approval from the people for legitimacy. 
B) abolish ing  all political parties except their own. 
C) determin ing  what people should believe. 
D) eliminat ing  or regulat ing  all private institutions. 
E) us ing  technology and the state's bureaucracy to enforce their commands and impose their ideology. 
A) ignoring the need for popular approval from the people for legitimacy. 
B) abolish ing  all political parties except their own. 
C) determin ing  what people should believe. 
D) eliminat ing  or regulat ing  all private institutions. 
E) us ing  technology and the state's bureaucracy to enforce their commands and impose their ideology.

Question 18

Upon securing the Enabling Act, the Nazis

Accepted Answer

A) disbanded their greatest opponent, the Social Democratic party. 
B) faced great resistance from the legislatures of the various German states. 
C) placed the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (S
A) into high political offices. 
D) renegotiated collective bargaing agreements with labor unions to increase incentives for productivity. 
E) shut down the civil service. 
A) disbanded their greatest opponent, the Social Democratic party. 
B) faced great resistance from the legislatures of the various German states. 
C) placed the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (S
A) into high political offices. 
D) renegotiated collective bargaing agreements with labor unions to increase incentives for productivity. 
E) shut down the civil service.

Question 19

What is the meaning of socialism in the name National Socialism?

Accepted Answer

A) The Nazis were a leftist movement committed to the destruction of capitalism. 
B) The Nazis were an umbrella organization that promoted a variety of ideologies from extreme nationalism to Communism. 
C) The nation will be strengthened by the elimination of class antagonism, not classes. 
D) Socialism is the goal but only for one nation. 
E) The term was used to attract workers , but it had no clear meaning. 
A) The Nazis were a leftist movement committed to the destruction of capitalism. 
B) The Nazis were an umbrella organization that promoted a variety of ideologies from extreme nationalism to Communism. 
C) The nation will be strengthened by the elimination of class antagonism, not classes. 
D) Socialism is the goal but only for one nation. 
E) The term was used to attract workers , but it had no clear meaning.

Question 20

Before becoming Chancellor, Hitler's experiences included all the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) rejected art student. 
B) postcard artist. 
C) a short stint as a Marxist. 
D) political agitator. 
E) prison inmate. 
A) rejected art student. 
B) postcard artist. 
C) a short stint as a Marxist. 
D) political agitator. 
E) prison inmate.

Exam 29: An Era of Totalitarianism

With regard to Marxism, Fascists

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. Comment on the effectiveness of parliamentary systems in three of the following countries during the 1930s: Spain, Austria, Hungary, or Czechoslovakia.

Which of the following would NOT be an example of socialist realism?

Within two decades after World War I, which of the following saw the collapse of democracy and the rise of authoritarian government?

Casualties on all sides of the Russian Civil War

Historians would agree that Mussolini

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Black Shirts

Instructions: Please write a thorough, well-organized essay to answer each question. It has been said that revolutionaries often become more tyrannical than those they have overthrown. Does this remark apply to the era of the early Russian Revolution? Explain.

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Action Française

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? Gleichschaltung

At the end of World War I, Italy suffered from all the following EXCEPT

The ultimate point of collectivization was to

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? socialist realism

Instructions: Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important? esprit de corps

What is meant by Zbigniew Brzezinski's term, metamyth ?

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe events in Central and Eastern Europe during the interwar period?

Totalitarian systems sought to eradicate the democratic states that preceded them through all of the following mechanisms EXCEPT

Upon securing the Enabling Act, the Nazis

What is the meaning of socialism in the name National Socialism?

Before becoming Chancellor, Hitler's experiences included all the following EXCEPT

The Ancient Near East: The First Civilizations

The Hebrews: a New View of God and the Individual

The Greek City-State Democratic Politics

Greek Thought From Myth to Reason

The Hellenistic Age Cultural Diffusion

The Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

The Roman Empire a World-State

Early Christianity a World Religion

The Heirs of Rome Byzantium Islam and Latin Christendom

The High Middle Ages Vitality and Enewal

The Flowering of Medieval Culture the Christian Synthesis

The Late Middle Ages Crisis and Dissolution

The Renaissance Transition to the Modern Age

The Reformation the Shattering of Christian Unity

European Expansion Economic and Social Transformations

The Rise of Sovereignty Transition to the Modern State

The Scientific Revolution the Universe Seen As a Mechanism

The Age of Enlightenment Reason and Reform

The French Revolution the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality

The Industrial Revolution the Great Transformation

Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century

Revolution and Counterrevolution 1815-1848

Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Realism and Social Criticism

The Surge of Nationalism From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism

The Industrial West Responses to Modernization

Imperialism Western Global Dominance

Modern Consciousness New Views of Nature Human Nature and the Arts

World War I the West in Despair

Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism

World War II Western Civilization in the Balance

Europe After World War II Recovery and Realignment 1945-1989

The Troubled Present

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