Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A 52-year-old male patient recently required surgery for the removal of a large calcium oxalate stone. To prevent further stone formation, the nurse instructs him to consume plenty of fluids, but advises against drinking:

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient presents with elevated BUN, creatinine, and blood pressure. He complains of moodiness, fatigue, confusion, easy bruising, and pruritus. The nurse recognizes these as symptoms of:

In oliguric patients, recovery from kidney injury sometimes begins with a period of _____, in which large amounts of fluid (up to 3 liters daily) are excreted.

Dialysis removes excess fluids and wastes from the blood by employing the principles of diffusion, osmosis, and ultrafiltration.

Recovery from kidney injury may begin with a period of diuresis and a patient's fluid status should be monitored closely.

Describe the potential consequences that can develop with nephrotic syndrome.

Adults with chronic kidney disease frequently develop wasting and PEM.

Uric acid kidney stones are most commonly associated with what condition?

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products. You explain to Mr. Bradley that the diet for end-stage renal disease:

Laboratory findings associated with acute kidney injury include abnormal levels of serum electrolytes and:

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products. Mr. Bradley's comprehension of the need for a lower-phosphorus diet is reflected by which statement?

During the later stages of chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight per day.

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced through which process?

Dennis Wilson is a 57-year-old chemical engineer who has had type 1 diabetes since he was 12 years old. He spent 34 years working in oil refineries, and he is a smoker. He is 5'11" tall and weighs 160 pounds. Over the past several years, he has experienced a gradual decline in kidney function. His GFR has declined to 27 mL/min per 1.73 m². Mr. Wilson's estimated energy needs are:

The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is:

A glomerular filtration rate

If a client is on peritoneal dialysis, his diet should contain less _____ than a predialysis diet .

Secondary complications of chronic kidney disease include:

What describes an advantage of peritoneal dialysis over hemodialysis?

Explain energy needs when providing nutrition care of clients with chronic kidney disease.