Question 1

Nephrotic syndrome develops as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  damage to the glomeruli. 
B)  damage to the tubules. 
C)  excessive protein intake. 
D)  excessive fat intake. 
E)  increased sodium losses. 
A)  damage to the glomeruli. 
B)  damage to the tubules. 
C)  excessive protein intake. 
D)  excessive fat intake. 
E)  increased sodium losses. A

Question 2

One primary function of the kidneys is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce albumin. 
B)  aid in the digestion of fats. 
C)  maintain acid-base balance. 
D)  convert vitamin K to its active form. 
E)  produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections. 
A)  produce albumin. 
B)  aid in the digestion of fats. 
C)  maintain acid-base balance. 
D)  convert vitamin K to its active form. 
E)  produce enzymes that protect the body from viral infections. C

Question 3

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a procedure that involves surgically removing a kidney stone while the patient is under general anesthesia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

A glomerular filtration rate

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage 2: Mildly decreased 
B)  Stage 3a: Mild to moderately decreased 
C)  Stage 3b: Moderate to severely decreased 
D)  Stage 4: Severely decreased 
E)  Stage 5: Kidney failure 
A)  Stage 2: Mildly decreased 
B)  Stage 3a: Mild to moderately decreased 
C)  Stage 3b: Moderate to severely decreased 
D)  Stage 4: Severely decreased 
E)  Stage 5: Kidney failure

Question 5

What food is a good source of phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

A)  c hicken 
B)  p eanut butter 
C)  p eas 
D)  b roccoli 
E)  c antaloupe 
A)  c hicken 
B)  p eanut butter 
C)  p eas 
D)  b roccoli 
E)  c antaloupe

Question 6

Match between columns
                        Premises: intradialytic parenteral nutrition
struvite
acute kidney injury
uremia
diuresis
nephrotic syndrome
cystinuria
glomerular filtration rate
creatinine
hypoalbuminuria
anuria
end-stage renal disease
high energy density
filtrate
Bowman's capsule
dialyzer
aldosterone
ultrafiltration

Accepted Answer

The Answer of a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal is...

Question 7

Approximately _____ percent of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.

Accepted Answer

A)  $\le5$ 
B) $\underline{<10}$ 
C)  $\le15$ 
D)  $\le20$ 
E)  $\le25$ 
A)  $\le5$ 
B) $\underline{<10}$ 
C)  $\le15$ 
D)  $\le20$ 
E)  $\le25$

Question 8

Individuals on predialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  oral iron supplements. 
B)  IV and oral iron administration. 
C)  IV iron administration. 
D)  increasing intake of iron-rich foods. 
E)  intramuscular iron injections. 
A)  oral iron supplements. 
B)  IV and oral iron administration. 
C)  IV iron administration. 
D)  increasing intake of iron-rich foods. 
E)  intramuscular iron injections.

Question 10

Solutes are less likely to crystallize and form kidney stones in concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  grapes. 
B)  milk. 
C)  carrots. 
D)  apples. 
E)  spinach. 
A)  grapes. 
B)  milk. 
C)  carrots. 
D)  apples. 
E)  spinach.

Question 12

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Mr. Bradley is a 70-year-old man with a long medical history including uncontrolled diabetes mellitus since age 45 who presents to the West Smithtown Dialysis Center with new-onset end-stage kidney disease. Mr. Bradley lives in an assisted living facility where he receives full-time nursing care. As a dialysis nurse, your role is to review the nutrition guidelines with Mr. Bradley, who has diabetic retinopathy and loss of vision. He is a non-ambulatory war veteran, former smoker, and former alcohol abuser whose BMI is normal, though he has lost 3% of his body weight since being diagnosed with kidney failure one month ago. A food frequency questionnaire shows that Mr. Bradley generally meets his recommended intakes of all food groups, but his fiber intake is low, and his dairy foods consumption exceeds the recommendation by double due to his love of milk, ice cream, cheese, and other dairy products.
Since this is Mr. Bradley's first visit to the center, his primary care nurse spends hours speaking to him while his dialysis progresses. The nurse explains that within the next week he will be seen by _____, who will counsel him about his nutrition therapy.

Accepted Answer

A)  a dietitian who specializes in chronic kidney disease 
B)  a physician who oversees all aspects of clients' medical care 
C)  another client who has been following the diet for years 
D)  a pharmacist who will address the nutrients administered via the dialysate 
E)  a phlebotomy nurse who draws blood for and interprets laboratory values 
A)  a dietitian who specializes in chronic kidney disease 
B)  a physician who oversees all aspects of clients' medical care 
C)  another client who has been following the diet for years 
D)  a pharmacist who will address the nutrients administered via the dialysate 
E)  a phlebotomy nurse who draws blood for and interprets laboratory values

Question 14

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize calcium intake. 
B)  eat less meat. 
C)  eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D)  drink 12 or more cups of fluids per day. 
E)  add iron supplements to the diet. 
A)  minimize calcium intake. 
B)  eat less meat. 
C)  eat fewer oxalate-containing vegetables. 
D)  drink 12 or more cups of fluids per day. 
E)  add iron supplements to the diet.

Question 16

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which helps to regulate blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth failure 
B)  poor appetite 
C)  rickets 
D)  anemia 
E)  scurvy 
A)  growth failure 
B)  poor appetite 
C)  rickets 
D)  anemia 
E)  scurvy

Question 18

Which clinical effect is most commonly seen with uremic syndrome associated with chronic kidney disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  h ypokalemia 
B)  h earing loss 
C)  h ypothyroidism 
D)  h ypertension 
E)  m outh sores 
A)  h ypokalemia 
B)  h earing loss 
C)  h ypothyroidism 
D)  h ypertension 
E)  m outh sores

Question 19

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Accepted Answer

A)  edema 
B)  infection 
C)  rickets 
D)  altered blood lipids 
E)  hypertension 
A)  edema 
B)  infection 
C)  rickets 
D)  altered blood lipids 
E)  hypertension

Question 20

Kidney disease is classified according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration rate. 
B)  the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a urine sample. 
C)  BUN levels. 
D)  the degree of proteinuria. 
E)  the amount of urine output in a 24-hour period. 
A)  glomerular filtration rate. 
B)  the ratio of albumin to creatinine in a urine sample. 
C)  BUN levels. 
D)  the degree of proteinuria. 
E)  the amount of urine output in a 24-hour period.

Exam 22: Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nephrotic syndrome develops as a result of:

One primary function of the kidneys is to:

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a procedure that involves surgically removing a kidney stone while the patient is under general anesthesia.

A glomerular filtration rate

What food is a good source of phosphorus?

Approximately _____ percent of patients with end-stage renal disease receive a kidney transplant.

Individuals on predialysis have lower protein needs than those on hemodialysis.

The most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis is:

Solutes are less likely to crystallize and form kidney stones in concentrated urine.

An example of a food that is high in oxalate is:

Prostate cancer is an intrarenal factor that can cause acute kidney injury.

The nephrotic syndrome is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and a sharply increased risk of heart disease and stroke.

The best way to prevent the formation of kidney stones is to:

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which helps to regulate blood pressure.

One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.

Which clinical effect is most commonly seen with uremic syndrome associated with chronic kidney disease?

Nursing Exam Review Multiple Choice A patient's lab results reveal hypoalbuminemia. The nurse realizes that this is likely to cause _____ in the patient.

Kidney disease is classified according to:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

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