Question 1

Which of the following may result from taking megadoses of vitamin C?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased excretion in urine 
B)  scurvy 
C)  gout 
D)  gallstones 
E)  weight gain 
A)  increased excretion in urine 
B)  scurvy 
C)  gout 
D)  gallstones 
E)  weight gain A

Question 2

Coenzymes are important because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they function as antioxidants. 
B)  they facilitate vitamin absorption. 
C)  they function as catalysts. 
D)  they facilitate chemical reactions. 
E)  they increase the body's energy requirement. 
A)  they function as antioxidants. 
B)  they facilitate vitamin absorption. 
C)  they function as catalysts. 
D)  they facilitate chemical reactions. 
E)  they increase the body's energy requirement. D

Question 3

Phytochemicals:

Accepted Answer

A)  are essential nutrients. 
B)  are bioactive compounds found in foods. 
C)  have no biological activity in the body. 
D)  are nonessential nutrients. 
E)  lose their function when cooked. 
A)  are essential nutrients. 
B)  are bioactive compounds found in foods. 
C)  have no biological activity in the body. 
D)  are nonessential nutrients. 
E)  lose their function when cooked. B

Question 4

Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following foods would make the greatest contribution to a person's intake of riboflavin?

Accepted Answer

A)  oatmeal 
B)  milk 
C)  oranges 
D)  yellow squash 
E)  apples 
A)  oatmeal 
B)  milk 
C)  oranges 
D)  yellow squash 
E)  apples

Question 6

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely among:

Accepted Answer

A)  dark-skinned people who live in the south. 
B)  fair-skinned people who live in the south. 
C)  dark-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight. 
D)  fair-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight. 
E)  fair-skinned people who work outside most of the time. 
A)  dark-skinned people who live in the south. 
B)  fair-skinned people who live in the south. 
C)  dark-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight. 
D)  fair-skinned people with limited exposure to sunlight. 
E)  fair-skinned people who work outside most of the time.

Question 7

A dietary deficiency of vitamin A can produce:

Accepted Answer

A)  rickets. 
B)  night blindness. 
C)  a prolonged blood-clotting time. 
D)  sensitivity to light. 
E)  birth defects. 
A)  rickets. 
B)  night blindness. 
C)  a prolonged blood-clotting time. 
D)  sensitivity to light. 
E)  birth defects.

Question 8

Vitamin B6:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not play a role in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients. 
B)  helps to regulate blood glucose. 
C)  is absorbed like the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is only found in animal foods. 
E)  plays a major role in the formation of collagen. 
A)  does not play a role in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients. 
B)  helps to regulate blood glucose. 
C)  is absorbed like the fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  is only found in animal foods. 
E)  plays a major role in the formation of collagen.

Question 9

What can be concluded from the results of research on vitamin E supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is not enough evidence to recommend taking supplements to prevent heart disease. 
B)  Sufficient evidence exists to recommend that everyone over 40 should take a supplement. 
C)  Large doses are more beneficial than low doses. 
D)  All people who have had a heart attack should take a supplement. 
E)  Vitamin E can be used in place of statins in people with high cholesterol. 
A)  There is not enough evidence to recommend taking supplements to prevent heart disease. 
B)  Sufficient evidence exists to recommend that everyone over 40 should take a supplement. 
C)  Large doses are more beneficial than low doses. 
D)  All people who have had a heart attack should take a supplement. 
E)  Vitamin E can be used in place of statins in people with high cholesterol.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about fat-soluble vitamins would you be least likely to tell your client?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are readily excreted from the body when consumed in excess. 
B)  They must be bound to proteins to travel in the blood. 
C)  They may be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They may accumulate to toxic levels in the body. 
E)  Toxicity is more likely to occur from supplements rather than food. 
A)  They are readily excreted from the body when consumed in excess. 
B)  They must be bound to proteins to travel in the blood. 
C)  They may be consumed less frequently than the water-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They may accumulate to toxic levels in the body. 
E)  Toxicity is more likely to occur from supplements rather than food.

Question 11

Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections. 
B)  no ill effects because they are excreted. 
C)  possible toxicity due to an accumulation in the body. 
D)  weight gain due to increased fat intake. 
E)  deficiency of water-soluble vitamins. 
A)  accumulation, which aids in the prevention of colds and infections. 
B)  no ill effects because they are excreted. 
C)  possible toxicity due to an accumulation in the body. 
D)  weight gain due to increased fat intake. 
E)  deficiency of water-soluble vitamins.

Question 12

Ascorbic acid is another name for:

Accepted Answer

A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  vitamin C. 
D)  vitamin B6. 
E)  vitamin E. 
A)  niacin. 
B)  thiamin. 
C)  vitamin C. 
D)  vitamin B6. 
E)  vitamin E.

Question 13

Beriberi is also called the thiamin-deficiency disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Excessive vitamin A during pregnancy poses a teratogenic risk. This means that:

Accepted Answer

A)  it can increase the risk of birth defects. 
B)  it can build up in the blood and cause calcification of soft tissues. 
C)  it can result in a low-birth weight infant. 
D)  it can increase the risk of infectious disease. 
E)  it can result in osteomalacia. 
A)  it can increase the risk of birth defects. 
B)  it can build up in the blood and cause calcification of soft tissues. 
C)  it can result in a low-birth weight infant. 
D)  it can increase the risk of infectious disease. 
E)  it can result in osteomalacia.

Question 15

In which of the following is vitamin A least likely to be involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining healthy epithelial tissues 
B)  maintaining healthy eye tissues 
C)  fighting infection 
D)  releasing energy from the energy-yielding nutrients 
E)  sperm development 
A)  maintaining healthy epithelial tissues 
B)  maintaining healthy eye tissues 
C)  fighting infection 
D)  releasing energy from the energy-yielding nutrients 
E)  sperm development

Question 16

Vitamin A plays a role in cell differentiation. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  It helps cells differentiate between the vitamins. 
B)  It allows cells to mature so they can perform their intended functions. 
C)  It promotes the storage of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  It aids in differentiating between fat- and water-soluble vitamins. 
E)  It causes abnormal fetal development and birth defects. 
A)  It helps cells differentiate between the vitamins. 
B)  It allows cells to mature so they can perform their intended functions. 
C)  It promotes the storage of fat-soluble vitamins. 
D)  It aids in differentiating between fat- and water-soluble vitamins. 
E)  It causes abnormal fetal development and birth defects.

Question 17

The rate and extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin efficiency. 
B)  bioavailability. 
C)  fortification. 
D)  vitamin equivalency. 
E)  enzymatic destruction. 
A)  vitamin efficiency. 
B)  bioavailability. 
C)  fortification. 
D)  vitamin equivalency. 
E)  enzymatic destruction.

Question 18

Which of the following factors is least likely to limit vitamin D synthesis in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  geographic location 
B)  season of the year 
C)  sunscreens 
D)  use of tanning beds 
E)  smog 
A)  geographic location 
B)  season of the year 
C)  sunscreens 
D)  use of tanning beds 
E)  smog

Question 19

Which vitamin is most vulnerable to interactions with alcohol and other drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C 
B)  vitamin E 
C)  folate 
D)  biotin 
E)  cobalamin 
A)  vitamin C 
B)  vitamin E 
C)  folate 
D)  biotin 
E)  cobalamin

Question 20

Which of the following would not be considered a fat-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin A 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  vitamin E 
E)  vitamin K 
A)  vitamin A 
B)  vitamin C 
C)  vitamin D 
D)  vitamin E 
E)  vitamin K

Exam 8: The Vitamins

Which of the following may result from taking megadoses of vitamin C?

Coenzymes are important because:

Phytochemicals:

Bioavailability refers to the rate and extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used.

Which of the following foods would make the greatest contribution to a person's intake of riboflavin?

Vitamin D deficiency is most likely among:

A dietary deficiency of vitamin A can produce:

Vitamin B6:

What can be concluded from the results of research on vitamin E supplementation?

Which of the following statements about fat-soluble vitamins would you be least likely to tell your client?

Overconsumption of the fat-soluble vitamins results in:

Ascorbic acid is another name for:

Beriberi is also called the thiamin-deficiency disease.

Excessive vitamin A during pregnancy poses a teratogenic risk. This means that:

In which of the following is vitamin A least likely to be involved?

Vitamin A plays a role in cell differentiation. What does this mean?

The rate and extent to which a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body is called:

Which of the following factors is least likely to limit vitamin D synthesis in the body?

Which vitamin is most vulnerable to interactions with alcohol and other drugs?

Which of the following would not be considered a fat-soluble vitamin?

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Diseases

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition, Cancer, and Hiv Infection

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Vitamin B₆: