Question 1

Which one of the following causes does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Autoimmune/inflammatory processes involving T cell activities 
B) Selective destruction of myelin sheet 
C) Increased glutamate release 
D) Selective destruction of axons 
A) Autoimmune/inflammatory processes involving T cell activities 
B) Selective destruction of myelin sheet 
C) Increased glutamate release 
D) Selective destruction of axons C

Question 2

Which one the following combinations is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) Bromocriptine - stimulation of dopamine receptors 
B) Selegiline - inhibition of MAO-B 
C) Entacapone - inhibition of COMT 
D) Amantadine - stimulation of dopamine synthesis 
A) Bromocriptine - stimulation of dopamine receptors 
B) Selegiline - inhibition of MAO-B 
C) Entacapone - inhibition of COMT 
D) Amantadine - stimulation of dopamine synthesis D

Question 3

Glatiramar _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a mixture of carbohydrates with lipids resembling myelin 
B) prevents the autoimmune response but is not antiinflammatory 
C) is more efficacious but also more toxic than the interferons 
D) acts as a myelin decoy 
A) is a mixture of carbohydrates with lipids resembling myelin 
B) prevents the autoimmune response but is not antiinflammatory 
C) is more efficacious but also more toxic than the interferons 
D) acts as a myelin decoy D

Question 4

Which one of the long-term adverse reactions has not been or only rarely been observed?

Accepted Answer

A) "On-off" syndrome 
B) Dyskinesias 
C) Decreased effectiveness of L-DOPA 
D) Allergy and anaphylactic reactions 
A) "On-off" syndrome 
B) Dyskinesias 
C) Decreased effectiveness of L-DOPA 
D) Allergy and anaphylactic reactions

Question 5

Interferon therapy _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) causes flu-like signs and symptoms 
B) reduces autoimmune but not inflammatory processes 
C) should only be started as a last resort therapy 
D) includes interferon delta 1a and delta 1b 
A) causes flu-like signs and symptoms 
B) reduces autoimmune but not inflammatory processes 
C) should only be started as a last resort therapy 
D) includes interferon delta 1a and delta 1b

Question 6

Which of the following drugs is not an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A) Donepezil 
B) Galantamine 
C) Rivastigmine 
D) Memantine 
A) Donepezil 
B) Galantamine 
C) Rivastigmine 
D) Memantine

Question 7

Which of the following is designed to bridge the gap between NSAIDs and DMARDs?

Accepted Answer

A) Corticosteroid 
B) Interferons 
C) Glatiramer 
D) Methotrexate 
A) Corticosteroid 
B) Interferons 
C) Glatiramer 
D) Methotrexate

Question 8

Oral L-DOPA _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) is converted selectively in the brain to dopamine 
B) is somewhat less effective than oral dopamine 
C) and its absorption is enhanced by carbidopa 
D) improves most disease signs except it benefits tremors the least 
A) is converted selectively in the brain to dopamine 
B) is somewhat less effective than oral dopamine 
C) and its absorption is enhanced by carbidopa 
D) improves most disease signs except it benefits tremors the least

Question 9

Drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease try to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) increase dopamine and decrease acetylcholine actions 
B) block actions of both dopamine and acetylcholine 
C) increase actions of both dopamine and acetylcholine 
D) only block the action of dopamine without affecting acetylcholine 
A) increase dopamine and decrease acetylcholine actions 
B) block actions of both dopamine and acetylcholine 
C) increase actions of both dopamine and acetylcholine 
D) only block the action of dopamine without affecting acetylcholine

Question 10

A patient receiving L-DOPA would not be expected to show _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) dry mouth and skin 
B) nightmares 
C) hallucinations 
D) paranoia 
A) dry mouth and skin 
B) nightmares 
C) hallucinations 
D) paranoia

Question 11

Which of the following adverse reactions might be experienced by a patient treated with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A) Diarrhea 
B) Tremors 
C) Tachycardia 
D) Fever 
A) Diarrhea 
B) Tremors 
C) Tachycardia 
D) Fever

Question 12

It is assumed that part of the pathology of Parkinson's disease involves _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) excessive growth of cholinergic neurons in the motor cortex 
B) death of cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia 
C) excessive growth of dopamine neurons in the motor cortex 
D) death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra 
A) excessive growth of cholinergic neurons in the motor cortex 
B) death of cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia 
C) excessive growth of dopamine neurons in the motor cortex 
D) death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra

Question 13

Parkinsonism has been observed as a side effect for which of the following drug groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
B) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 
C) Tricyclic antidepressants 
D) Antipsychotic medications (major tranquilizers) 
A) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 
B) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 
C) Tricyclic antidepressants 
D) Antipsychotic medications (major tranquilizers)

Question 14

Memantine _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a cholinergic agonist 
B) shows both high efficacy and toxicity 
C) is often combined with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 
D) All of the above 
A) is a cholinergic agonist 
B) shows both high efficacy and toxicity 
C) is often combined with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Alzheimer's disease or AD is characterized by plaques and tangles as well as a marked loss of _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) cholinergic receptors 
B) melatonin receptors 
C) enkephalin receptors 
D) norepinephrine receptors 
A) cholinergic receptors 
B) melatonin receptors 
C) enkephalin receptors 
D) norepinephrine receptors

Question 16

It is assumed that in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease there exists an imbalance between the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin and norepinephrine systems 
B) acetylcholine and dopamine systems 
C) glutamine and GABA systems 
D) endorphin and enkephalin systems 
A) serotonin and norepinephrine systems 
B) acetylcholine and dopamine systems 
C) glutamine and GABA systems 
D) endorphin and enkephalin systems

Question 17

The "OFF" phase of the "Off-On" syndrome can be hopefully avoided if the therapist schedules treatment _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) just before the next dose is to be taken 
B) 10 min after the drug is taken 
C) 1 hr after the drug is taken 
D) 4 hrs after the drug is taken 
A) just before the next dose is to be taken 
B) 10 min after the drug is taken 
C) 1 hr after the drug is taken 
D) 4 hrs after the drug is taken

Question 18

Mitoxantrone _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) interferes with RNA action 
B) can cause renal and pulmonary problems 
C) has been shown to have antimicrobial actions 
D) is approved for use in MS and also as an anti-cancer drug 
A) interferes with RNA action 
B) can cause renal and pulmonary problems 
C) has been shown to have antimicrobial actions 
D) is approved for use in MS and also as an anti-cancer drug

Question 19

Anticholinergics _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) are most effective in reducing tremors 
B) cause sweating, diarrhea and bradycardia 
C) are used in severe forms of PD with prominent bradydyskinesia 
D) include rasagiline and tocapone 
A) are most effective in reducing tremors 
B) cause sweating, diarrhea and bradycardia 
C) are used in severe forms of PD with prominent bradydyskinesia 
D) include rasagiline and tocapone

Question 20

Modafinil _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduces inflammation by suppression of T cells 
B) is antispastic but causes severe fatigue 
C) is associated with anorexia 
D) increases wakefulness and alertness 
A) reduces inflammation by suppression of T cells 
B) is antispastic but causes severe fatigue 
C) is associated with anorexia 
D) increases wakefulness and alertness

Exam 17: Pharmacologic Management of Degenerative Neurologic Disorders

Which one of the following causes does not seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis?

Which one the following combinations is mismatched?

Glatiramar _____________.

Which one of the long-term adverse reactions has not been or only rarely been observed?

Interferon therapy _____________.

Which of the following drugs is not an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

Which of the following is designed to bridge the gap between NSAIDs and DMARDs?

Oral L-DOPA _____________.

Drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease try to _____________.

A patient receiving L-DOPA would not be expected to show _____________.

Which of the following adverse reactions might be experienced by a patient treated with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

It is assumed that part of the pathology of Parkinson's disease involves _____________.

Parkinsonism has been observed as a side effect for which of the following drug groups?

Memantine _____________.

Alzheimer's disease or AD is characterized by plaques and tangles as well as a marked loss of _____________.

It is assumed that in the brains of patients with Parkinson's disease there exists an imbalance between the _____________.

The "OFF" phase of the "Off-On" syndrome can be hopefully avoided if the therapist schedules treatment _____________.

Mitoxantrone _____________.

Anticholinergics _____________.

Modafinil _____________.

Introduction

Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action

Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

Antihypertensive

Drug Therapy of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Its Repercussions

Drug Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Arrhythmias

Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Disorders

Anesthetic Agents

Drugs for the Treatment of Pain and Inflammation

Drug Treatment for Arthritis-Related Conditions

Selective Topics in Endocrine Pharmacology

Drug Treatment for Osteoporosis and Diabetes

Drugs for Epilepsy and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antispasticity Medications and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Drug Treatment for Depression and Anxiety

Drug Treatment for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness

Antimicrobial Agents

Antiviral Agents and Selected Drugs for Fungal Infections

Cytotoxic Agents and Immune Modulation

Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Vitamins and Minerals

Topical Drugs and Treatments Used in Wound Management

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pharmacology

Drugs of Abuse: Anabolic Steroids and Other Doping Agents

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