Question 1

Cardiac glycosides __________.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit the Ca⁺ pump in the heart 
B) have a high margin of safety 
C) cause nausea, headache and visual disturbances 
D) and their toxicity can be reduced by supplementation with Mg 
A) inhibit the Ca⁺ pump in the heart 
B) have a high margin of safety 
C) cause nausea, headache and visual disturbances 
D) and their toxicity can be reduced by supplementation with Mg C

Question 2

Class I drugs __________.

Accepted Answer

A) are the most frequently used anti-arrhythmic drugs 
B) include quinidine which can cause renal toxicity 
C) include lidocaine which can cause hepatic toxicity 
D) can aggravate arrhythmias and cause additional arrhythmias 
A) are the most frequently used anti-arrhythmic drugs 
B) include quinidine which can cause renal toxicity 
C) include lidocaine which can cause hepatic toxicity 
D) can aggravate arrhythmias and cause additional arrhythmias D

Question 3

Which one of the following definitions is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Class I drugs block Na⁺ channels 
B) Class II drugs block beta 1 receptors 
C) Class III drugs block muscarinic receptors 
D) Class IV drugs block Ca⁺ channels 
A) Class I drugs block Na⁺ channels 
B) Class II drugs block beta 1 receptors 
C) Class III drugs block muscarinic receptors 
D) Class IV drugs block Ca⁺ channels C

Question 4

Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of arrhythmias but is not recommended for use in asthmatics?

Accepted Answer

A) Class I antiarrhythmics 
B) Class II antiarrhythmics 
C) Class III antiarrhythmics 
D) Class IV antiarrhythmics 
A) Class I antiarrhythmics 
B) Class II antiarrhythmics 
C) Class III antiarrhythmics 
D) Class IV antiarrhythmics

Question 5

Which of the following are side effects of cardiac glycosides?

Accepted Answer

A) Hemorrhage, headache, bloody stool, stiff joints 
B) Aggravation of cardiac rhythm disturbances, dizziness, visual disturbances 
C) Vitamin K deficiency, bleeding, many drug interactions 
D) Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness 
A) Hemorrhage, headache, bloody stool, stiff joints 
B) Aggravation of cardiac rhythm disturbances, dizziness, visual disturbances 
C) Vitamin K deficiency, bleeding, many drug interactions 
D) Orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, dizziness

Question 6

Early typical warning signs of arrhythmias include all of the following except __________.

Accepted Answer

A) fatigue 
B) nausea and vomiting 
C) irregular heart beat 
D) absence of any signs or symptoms 
A) fatigue 
B) nausea and vomiting 
C) irregular heart beat 
D) absence of any signs or symptoms

Question 7

Which of the following may be an adverse effect associated with antiarrhythmic agents?

Accepted Answer

A) Bronchodilation 
B) Increased cardiac output 
C) Other arrhythmias 
D) Sinus tachycardia 
A) Bronchodilation 
B) Increased cardiac output 
C) Other arrhythmias 
D) Sinus tachycardia

Question 8

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Many anti-arrhythmic drugs have a positive inotropic effect and lead to exercise enhancement. 
B) Drug controlled arrhythmias can again emerge during exercise. 
C) Checking the pulse can detect rhythm irregularities. 
D) Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias. 
A) Many anti-arrhythmic drugs have a positive inotropic effect and lead to exercise enhancement. 
B) Drug controlled arrhythmias can again emerge during exercise. 
C) Checking the pulse can detect rhythm irregularities. 
D) Hypokalemia increases the risk of arrhythmias.

Question 9

Hyperkalemia can occur with all of the following drugs except __________.

Accepted Answer

A) ACE inhibitors 
B) angiotensin II receptor blockers 
C) aldosterone blockers 
D) loop diuretics 
A) ACE inhibitors 
B) angiotensin II receptor blockers 
C) aldosterone blockers 
D) loop diuretics

Question 10

Which of the following drugs are not used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A) Angiotensin II receptor blockers 
B) Calcium channel blockers 
C) Nitrates 
D) Aldosterone receptor blockers 
A) Angiotensin II receptor blockers 
B) Calcium channel blockers 
C) Nitrates 
D) Aldosterone receptor blockers

Question 11

Class III drugs include amiodarone which __________.

Accepted Answer

A) is less commonly used because of low efficacy 
B) has low toxicity 
C) is frequently used for ventricular arrhythmias 
D) can cause a bluish discoloration of exposed areas of the skin 
A) is less commonly used because of low efficacy 
B) has low toxicity 
C) is frequently used for ventricular arrhythmias 
D) can cause a bluish discoloration of exposed areas of the skin

Question 12

All of the following are major warning signs and symptoms of CHF except __________.

Accepted Answer

A) fatigue in particular exercise fatigue 
B) swelling of ankles 
C) weight loss 
D) shortness of breath 
A) fatigue in particular exercise fatigue 
B) swelling of ankles 
C) weight loss 
D) shortness of breath

Question 13

Beta-blockers __________.

Accepted Answer

A) increase contractility and cardiac output 
B) reduce sympathetic tone to the heart 
C) show a relatively fast improvement of clinical signs 
D) can cause tachyarrhythmias 
A) increase contractility and cardiac output 
B) reduce sympathetic tone to the heart 
C) show a relatively fast improvement of clinical signs 
D) can cause tachyarrhythmias

Question 14

Class IV drugs __________.

Accepted Answer

A) decrease automaticity 
B) increase cardiac contractility 
C) cause tachycardia 
D) may lead to hypertension 
A) decrease automaticity 
B) increase cardiac contractility 
C) cause tachycardia 
D) may lead to hypertension

Question 15

Class II drugs __________.

Accepted Answer

A) include propranolol, esmolol and acebutaolol 
B) are most effective at rest but lose activity during exercise 
C) can cause significant tachycardia 
D) are used in patients with asthma 
A) include propranolol, esmolol and acebutaolol 
B) are most effective at rest but lose activity during exercise 
C) can cause significant tachycardia 
D) are used in patients with asthma

Question 16

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors __________.

Accepted Answer

A) increase cyclic GMP and Na⁺ levels 
B) act mostly by dilating coronary blood vessels 
C) are mostly used intravenously for short periods of time 
D) can cause serious renal problems 
A) increase cyclic GMP and Na⁺ levels 
B) act mostly by dilating coronary blood vessels 
C) are mostly used intravenously for short periods of time 
D) can cause serious renal problems

Question 17

In the management of cardiac arrhythmias,class I antiarrhythmic drugs are effective because they _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels 
B) have positive iontropic action 
C) slow phase 0 depolarization 
D) increase AV node conduction velocity 
A) inhibit voltage-gated calcium channels 
B) have positive iontropic action 
C) slow phase 0 depolarization 
D) increase AV node conduction velocity

Question 18

ACE inhibitors __________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduce mostly contractility 
B) are the drugs of last choice 
C) can increase the development of atherosclerosis 
D) can cause a severe cough and angioedema 
A) reduce mostly contractility 
B) are the drugs of last choice 
C) can increase the development of atherosclerosis 
D) can cause a severe cough and angioedema

Question 19

Which one of the following statements for congestive heart failure is false?

Accepted Answer

A) It refers to the inability of the heart to cause a normal cardiac output. 
B) It is caused by hypertension, valvular diseases and/or coronary artery disease. 
C) It is treated with drugs which improve contractility and decrease preload and afterload. 
D) It is defined by an ejection fraction of 50% or less. 
A) It refers to the inability of the heart to cause a normal cardiac output. 
B) It is caused by hypertension, valvular diseases and/or coronary artery disease. 
C) It is treated with drugs which improve contractility and decrease preload and afterload. 
D) It is defined by an ejection fraction of 50% or less.

Question 20

Nonselective β-blockers can be used to treat hypertension and which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Superventricular arrhythmia 
B) Heart block 
C) COPD 
D) Heart failure 
A) Superventricular arrhythmia 
B) Heart block 
C) COPD 
D) Heart failure

Exam 8: Drug Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Arrhythmias

Cardiac glycosides __________.

Class I drugs __________.

Which one of the following definitions is false?

Which of the following drugs is used in the treatment of arrhythmias but is not recommended for use in asthmatics?

Which of the following are side effects of cardiac glycosides?

Early typical warning signs of arrhythmias include all of the following except __________.

Which of the following may be an adverse effect associated with antiarrhythmic agents?

Which of the following statements is false?

Hyperkalemia can occur with all of the following drugs except __________.

Which of the following drugs are not used in the treatment of congestive heart failure?

Class III drugs include amiodarone which __________.

All of the following are major warning signs and symptoms of CHF except __________.

Beta-blockers __________.

Class IV drugs __________.

Class II drugs __________.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors __________.

In the management of cardiac arrhythmias,class I antiarrhythmic drugs are effective because they _____________.

ACE inhibitors __________.

Which one of the following statements for congestive heart failure is false?

Nonselective β-blockers can be used to treat hypertension and which of the following?

Introduction

Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action

Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

Antihypertensive

Drug Therapy of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Its Repercussions

Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Disorders

Anesthetic Agents

Drugs for the Treatment of Pain and Inflammation

Drug Treatment for Arthritis-Related Conditions

Selective Topics in Endocrine Pharmacology

Drug Treatment for Osteoporosis and Diabetes

Drugs for Epilepsy and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antispasticity Medications and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Pharmacologic Management of Degenerative Neurologic Disorders

Drug Treatment for Depression and Anxiety

Drug Treatment for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness

Antimicrobial Agents

Antiviral Agents and Selected Drugs for Fungal Infections

Cytotoxic Agents and Immune Modulation

Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Vitamins and Minerals

Topical Drugs and Treatments Used in Wound Management

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pharmacology

Drugs of Abuse: Anabolic Steroids and Other Doping Agents

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