Question 1

Which of the following insulin regimens offers the greatest flexibility in terms of food intake and timing of meals?

Accepted Answer

A) Multiple dosing with bedtime intermediate 
B) Split and mixed 
C) Multiple dosing with morning peakless insulin 
D) Split and mixed with bedtime intermediate 
A) Multiple dosing with bedtime intermediate 
B) Split and mixed 
C) Multiple dosing with morning peakless insulin 
D) Split and mixed with bedtime intermediate C

Question 2

Type I diabetes mellitus ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) seems to be an autoimmune disease 
B) can be treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs 
C) is accelerated by childhood obesity 
D) is caused by destruction of insulin receptors on cells 
A) seems to be an autoimmune disease 
B) can be treated with oral anti-diabetic drugs 
C) is accelerated by childhood obesity 
D) is caused by destruction of insulin receptors on cells A

Question 3

Which of the following drugs has no significant effect on bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Corticosteroids 
B) Chemotherapeutic/transplant drugs 
C) Cardiovascular drugs 
D) Aromatose inhibitors 
A) Corticosteroids 
B) Chemotherapeutic/transplant drugs 
C) Cardiovascular drugs 
D) Aromatose inhibitors C

Question 4

The following diagnostic tests use ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) blood glucose measurements to evaluate current glucose levels 
B) A1C tests to evaluate blood glucose levels after a sugar load 
C) blood creatinine levels to evaluate liver damage 
D) fasting blood glucose level to measure pre-prandial glucose levels 
A) blood glucose measurements to evaluate current glucose levels 
B) A1C tests to evaluate blood glucose levels after a sugar load 
C) blood creatinine levels to evaluate liver damage 
D) fasting blood glucose level to measure pre-prandial glucose levels

Question 5

Which of the following offers the best treatment for osteoporosis in a 22-year-old woman who suffers from anorexia?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and medroxyprogesterone) 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Birth control pills 
D) Bisphosphonates 
A) Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and medroxyprogesterone) 
B) Calcitonin 
C) Birth control pills 
D) Bisphosphonates

Question 6

Which of the following is a sign of insulin induced hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A) Sweating 
B) Frequent urination 
C) Bradycardia 
D) Ringing in the ears 
A) Sweating 
B) Frequent urination 
C) Bradycardia 
D) Ringing in the ears

Question 7

Various insulin preparations based on onset of action are available.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Ultra-short acting insulins act within 5-10 minutes and work for about 4 hours. 
B) Regular insulins take 4 hours to be effective. 
C) Intermediate insulins act within 2 hours and have a duration of action of 24 hours. 
D) Long acting insulins can be mixed with ultra-short acting insulin to extend its action. 
A) Ultra-short acting insulins act within 5-10 minutes and work for about 4 hours. 
B) Regular insulins take 4 hours to be effective. 
C) Intermediate insulins act within 2 hours and have a duration of action of 24 hours. 
D) Long acting insulins can be mixed with ultra-short acting insulin to extend its action.

Question 8

Type II diabetes mellitus ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) can be due to decreased responsiveness of insulin receptors on tissues 
B) is associated with obesity 
C) can be caused by decreased pancreatic release of insulin 
D) All of the above 
A) can be due to decreased responsiveness of insulin receptors on tissues 
B) is associated with obesity 
C) can be caused by decreased pancreatic release of insulin 
D) All of the above

Question 9

Vitamin D ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) increases absorption of Ca⁺⁺ from the GI-tract 
B) decreases Ca⁺⁺ renal excretion 
C) increases bone mineralization 
D) All of the above 
A) increases absorption of Ca⁺⁺ from the GI-tract 
B) decreases Ca⁺⁺ renal excretion 
C) increases bone mineralization 
D) All of the above

Question 10

Bisphosphonates ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) reduce osteoclastic activity and bone reabsorption 
B) are absorbed into the bone which reduces bone strength 
C) are well absorbed from the GI-tract 
D) must be taken with food 
A) reduce osteoclastic activity and bone reabsorption 
B) are absorbed into the bone which reduces bone strength 
C) are well absorbed from the GI-tract 
D) must be taken with food

Question 11

Bisphosphonates ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) should be taken with individuals lying quiet on their backs for 1 hour 
B) are effective only up to 5 years 
C) are relatively safe except for some nausea and abdominal pain 
D) prevent all fractures 
A) should be taken with individuals lying quiet on their backs for 1 hour 
B) are effective only up to 5 years 
C) are relatively safe except for some nausea and abdominal pain 
D) prevent all fractures

Question 12

Drug induced hypoglycemia ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) is more of a problem in type II than it is in type I diabetes 
B) is more frequent with the use of metformin 
C) can be experienced when taking a glitazone 
D) can be caused by missing a meal after an injection of regular insulin 
A) is more of a problem in type II than it is in type I diabetes 
B) is more frequent with the use of metformin 
C) can be experienced when taking a glitazone 
D) can be caused by missing a meal after an injection of regular insulin

Question 13

Which of the following activities is contraindicated in type 1 diabetes shortly after an insulin injection?

Accepted Answer

A) Ankle pumps 
B) Fine motor activities 
C) Grip strengthening 
D) Abdominal curl-ups 
A) Ankle pumps 
B) Fine motor activities 
C) Grip strengthening 
D) Abdominal curl-ups

Question 14

Calcium supplementation ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) can even be taken by individuals prone to have kidney stones 
B) should be taken with meals 
C) can cause some constipation and gas 
D) All of the above 
A) can even be taken by individuals prone to have kidney stones 
B) should be taken with meals 
C) can cause some constipation and gas 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Hyperglycemia can be recognized not only by excessive thirst and polyuria but also by ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) slow healing wounds and cuts 
B) vision problems 
C) cold and insensitive feet 
D) All of the above 
A) slow healing wounds and cuts 
B) vision problems 
C) cold and insensitive feet 
D) All of the above

Question 16

Glucose absorption from the intestines is inhibited by ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) alpha glucosidase inhibitors 
B) dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors 
C) pramlintide 
D) All of the above 
A) alpha glucosidase inhibitors 
B) dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors 
C) pramlintide 
D) All of the above

Question 17

Drug controlled diabetic patients ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) can be exercised regardless of glucose blood levels 
B) require an increase in the premeal insulin dose for post-prandial exercise 
C) can be helped with their insulin action by massaging the site of injection 
D) can be helped in slowing their disease (type II) by regular exercise 
A) can be exercised regardless of glucose blood levels 
B) require an increase in the premeal insulin dose for post-prandial exercise 
C) can be helped with their insulin action by massaging the site of injection 
D) can be helped in slowing their disease (type II) by regular exercise

Question 18

Which of the following statements about calcium and vitamin D supplementation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Supplementation should start in women 60 years and older with at least 1200 mg of elemental calcium. 
B) Men do not need 1200 mg of calcium until the age of 70 years. 
C) Vitamin D supplementation should be between 200-400 international units (IU). 
D) Calcium supplements and vitamin D supplementation both can prevent and slow progression of osteoporosis. 
A) Supplementation should start in women 60 years and older with at least 1200 mg of elemental calcium. 
B) Men do not need 1200 mg of calcium until the age of 70 years. 
C) Vitamin D supplementation should be between 200-400 international units (IU). 
D) Calcium supplements and vitamin D supplementation both can prevent and slow progression of osteoporosis.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Calcitonin is thought to inhibit osteoclastic and stimulate osteoblastic activity. 
B) Statin drugs have been shown to reduce the incidence of bone fractures. 
C) Patient receiving bisphosphonates should not be subjected to abdominal pressure and long lasting supine positions. 
D) Bisphosphonates cause necrosis of the jaw mostly in younger individuals. 
A) Calcitonin is thought to inhibit osteoclastic and stimulate osteoblastic activity. 
B) Statin drugs have been shown to reduce the incidence of bone fractures. 
C) Patient receiving bisphosphonates should not be subjected to abdominal pressure and long lasting supine positions. 
D) Bisphosphonates cause necrosis of the jaw mostly in younger individuals.

Question 20

The normal response of the body to carbohydrate ingestion is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A) release of insulin from alpha cells of the pancreas 
B) stimulation of insulin receptors on tissues by glucose 
C) rapid conversion of glucose into fat 
D) uptake of remaining glucose by the liver to form glycogen 
A) release of insulin from alpha cells of the pancreas 
B) stimulation of insulin receptors on tissues by glucose 
C) rapid conversion of glucose into fat 
D) uptake of remaining glucose by the liver to form glycogen

Exam 14: Drug Treatment for Osteoporosis and Diabetes

Which of the following insulin regimens offers the greatest flexibility in terms of food intake and timing of meals?

Type I diabetes mellitus ______________.

Which of the following drugs has no significant effect on bone loss?

The following diagnostic tests use ______________.

Which of the following offers the best treatment for osteoporosis in a 22-year-old woman who suffers from anorexia?

Which of the following is a sign of insulin induced hypoglycemia?

Various insulin preparations based on onset of action are available.Which of the following is true?

Type II diabetes mellitus ______________.

Vitamin D ______________.

Bisphosphonates ______________.

Bisphosphonates ______________.

Drug induced hypoglycemia ______________.

Which of the following activities is contraindicated in type 1 diabetes shortly after an insulin injection?

Calcium supplementation ______________.

Hyperglycemia can be recognized not only by excessive thirst and polyuria but also by ______________.

Glucose absorption from the intestines is inhibited by ______________.

Drug controlled diabetic patients ______________.

Which of the following statements about calcium and vitamin D supplementation is true?

Which one of the following statements is false?

The normal response of the body to carbohydrate ingestion is ______________.

Introduction

Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of Action

Pharmacokinetics and Drug Dosing

Adverse Drug Reactions

Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

Antihypertensive

Drug Therapy of Coronary Atherosclerosis and Its Repercussions

Drug Therapy for Congestive Heart Failure and Cardiac Arrhythmias

Drug Therapy for Pulmonary Disorders

Anesthetic Agents

Drugs for the Treatment of Pain and Inflammation

Drug Treatment for Arthritis-Related Conditions

Selective Topics in Endocrine Pharmacology

Drugs for Epilepsy and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Antispasticity Medications and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Pharmacologic Management of Degenerative Neurologic Disorders

Drug Treatment for Depression and Anxiety

Drug Treatment for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Illness

Antimicrobial Agents

Antiviral Agents and Selected Drugs for Fungal Infections

Cytotoxic Agents and Immune Modulation

Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders

Vitamins and Minerals

Topical Drugs and Treatments Used in Wound Management

Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pharmacology

Drugs of Abuse: Anabolic Steroids and Other Doping Agents

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