Question 1

The concentration (or titer)of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)  hemagglutination 
B)  precipitation 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  immunochromatographic 
A)  hemagglutination 
B)  precipitation 
C)  complement fixation 
D)  agglutination 
E)  immunochromatographic

Question 2

Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades.This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  the ineffectiveness of vaccines against disease. 
B)  the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases. 
C)  the high cost of development. 
D)  the high level of risk with immunization. 
E)  a lack of need with modern medical treatments. 
A)  the ineffectiveness of vaccines against disease. 
B)  the availability of vaccines against nearly all serious diseases. 
C)  the high cost of development. 
D)  the high level of risk with immunization. 
E)  a lack of need with modern medical treatments.

Question 3

Tuberculosis may be diagnosed using a(n)________ on sputum (lung fluid)samples.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody test 
B)  complement fixation test 
C)  neutralization test 
D)  immunochromatographic assay 
E)  viral hemagglutination test 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody test 
B)  complement fixation test 
C)  neutralization test 
D)  immunochromatographic assay 
E)  viral hemagglutination test

Question 4

The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation.Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube,and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added.A positive result for the complement fixation test would be

Accepted Answer

A)  a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. 
B)  a cloudy solution in the tube. 
C)  loss of color in the tube. 
D)  a fluorescent precipitate. 
E)  a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs. 
A)  a line of precipitate near the bottom of the tube. 
B)  a cloudy solution in the tube. 
C)  loss of color in the tube. 
D)  a fluorescent precipitate. 
E)  a solution that is clear due to precipitation of RBCs.

Question 5

Complement fixation is a more sensitive test for the presence of specific antibodies than are agglutination tests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

An infectious disease researcher isolates the pathogen responsible for an emerging disease.The microbe is grown in the lab for many generations.A preparation of the laboratory-grown microbe is treated with ionizing radiation and then tested for its potential as a vaccine.What type of vaccine is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated 
B)  subunit 
C)  combination 
D)  toxoid 
E)  inactivated whole 
A)  attenuated 
B)  subunit 
C)  combination 
D)  toxoid 
E)  inactivated whole

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are not quantitative. 
B)  They require large amounts of serum. 
C)  The antibody label is a fluorescent molecule. 
D)  They can be used to detect antibody or antigen. 
E)  They involve the use of membrane filters. 
A)  They are not quantitative. 
B)  They require large amounts of serum. 
C)  The antibody label is a fluorescent molecule. 
D)  They can be used to detect antibody or antigen. 
E)  They involve the use of membrane filters.

Question 8

Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by

Accepted Answer

A)  raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
B)  genetic manipulation. 
C)  treatment with formaldehyde. 
D)  genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. 
E)  genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
A)  raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells. 
B)  genetic manipulation. 
C)  treatment with formaldehyde. 
D)  genetic manipulation coupled with treatment with formaldehyde. 
E)  genetic manipulation and/or raising the pathogen for several generations in tissue culture cells.

Question 9

Infection with influenzavirus is commonly diagnosed using

Accepted Answer

A)  an immunoblot assay. 
B)  viral neutralization tests. 
C) immunochromatographic assay. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  both immunochromatographic assay and viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
A)  an immunoblot assay. 
B)  viral neutralization tests. 
C) immunochromatographic assay. 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition test. 
E)  both immunochromatographic assay and viral hemagglutination inhibition test.

Question 10

Fluorescent antibody,ELISA,and immunoblotting tests involve the use of (hybridoma/labeled/unlabeled)antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fluorescent antibody,ELISA,and immunoblotting tests involve the use...

Question 11

The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  improved vaccine design. 
B)  the development of genetically engineered vaccines. 
C)  improved methods of immunization. 
D)  the development of passive immunotherapy. 
E)  the use of the technique known as variolation. 
A)  improved vaccine design. 
B)  the development of genetically engineered vaccines. 
C)  improved methods of immunization. 
D)  the development of passive immunotherapy. 
E)  the use of the technique known as variolation.

Question 12

A hemagglutination test is useful for

Accepted Answer

A)  determining antibody titer. 
B)  blood typing. 
C)  determining effectiveness of immunization. 
D)  detecting presence of a pathogen in patient serum. 
E)  diagnosing viral infection. 
A)  determining antibody titer. 
B)  blood typing. 
C)  determining effectiveness of immunization. 
D)  detecting presence of a pathogen in patient serum. 
E)  diagnosing viral infection.

Question 13

Antisera directed against toxins are known as (antibodies/antitoxins/anti-antibodies).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antisera directed against toxins are known as...

Question 14

Rabies virus can be directly detected in brain tissue using a(n)________ assay.

Accepted Answer

A)  viral neutralization 
B)  direct fluorescent antibody 
C) immunodiffusion precipitation 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  immunoblot 
A)  viral neutralization 
B)  direct fluorescent antibody 
C) immunodiffusion precipitation 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  immunoblot

Question 15

Materials that are added to a vaccine to increase the effective antigenicity are known as (antigens/adjuvants/antibodies).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Materials that are added to a vaccine...

The concentration (or titer)of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a ________ test.

Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades.This is due to

Tuberculosis may be diagnosed using a(n)________ on sputum (lung fluid)samples.

The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation.Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube,and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added.A positive result for the complement fixation test would be

Complement fixation is a more sensitive test for the presence of specific antibodies than are agglutination tests.

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by

Infection with influenzavirus is commonly diagnosed using

Fluorescent antibody,ELISA,and immunoblotting tests involve the use of (hybridoma/labeled/unlabeled)antibodies.

The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

A hemagglutination test is useful for

Antisera directed against toxins are known as (antibodies/antitoxins/anti-antibodies).

Rabies virus can be directly detected in brain tissue using a(n)________ assay.

Materials that are added to a vaccine to increase the effective antigenicity are known as (antigens/adjuvants/antibodies).

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Filters

Exam 17: Immunization and Immune Testing

The concentration (or titer)of antibody to a specific antigen can be determined using a ________ test.

Development of new vaccines has slowed in recent decades.This is due to

Tuberculosis may be diagnosed using a(n)________ on sputum (lung fluid)samples.

The complement fixation test uses red blood cells as the target for complement activation.Test serum containing antibodies is combined with a known amount of antigen in a tube,and then the RBCs and antibodies against the RBCs are added.A positive result for the complement fixation test would be

Complement fixation is a more sensitive test for the presence of specific antibodies than are agglutination tests.

Which of the following statements regarding ELISAs is TRUE?

Pathogens may be attenuated for use in vaccines by

Infection with influenzavirus is commonly diagnosed using

Fluorescent antibody,ELISA,and immunoblotting tests involve the use of (hybridoma/labeled/unlabeled)antibodies.

The discovery of antibodies and the understanding of their actions lead to

A hemagglutination test is useful for

Antisera directed against toxins are known as (antibodies/antitoxins/anti-antibodies).

Rabies virus can be directly detected in brain tissue using a(n)________ assay.

Materials that are added to a vaccine to increase the effective antigenicity are known as (antigens/adjuvants/antibodies).

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Filters