Question 1

Infection with the fungus Coccidioides immitis is commonly diagnosed using a(n)________ assay.

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitation 
B)  immunoblot 
C)  direct fluorescent antibody 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  viral neutralization 
A)  precipitation 
B)  immunoblot 
C)  direct fluorescent antibody 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  viral neutralization A

Question 2

Modern vaccine technology can involve inserting the DNA encoding the pathogen's antigen(s)into a (plasmid/hybridoma/virus)and injecting it into an individual.

Accepted Answer

plasmid

Question 3

Because attenuated live vaccines contain viruses that are less virulent,many booster vaccines must be given to produce an effective immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Anti-human antibodies (specific for human IgG antibodies)with fluorescent molecules covalently attached are used for

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
C)  direct ELISAs. 
D)  indirect ELISAs. 
E)  immunodiffusion tests. 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody tests. 
B)  indirect fluorescent antibody tests. 
C)  direct ELISAs. 
D)  indirect ELISAs. 
E)  immunodiffusion tests.

Question 5

Genetic manipulation of a microbe to remove one or more virulence factors is a method for producing a(n)________ vaccine.

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated 
B)  inactived 
C)  toxoid 
D)  combination 
E)  DNA 
A)  attenuated 
B)  inactived 
C)  toxoid 
D)  combination 
E)  DNA

Question 6

Two types of vaccines for polio have been developed,an inactivated whole (Salk)and a live attenuated (Sabin)vaccine.Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the two polio vaccines.

Accepted Answer

The inactivated whole vaccine does not r

Question 7

A technician places a serum sample in a well in an agar plate and a solution of antigens in a second well in the plate.The technician has set up a(n)(agglutination/immunodiffusion/immunoblot)assay.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A technician places a serum sample in...

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be produced with deactivated whole microorganisms. 
B)  It can be produced from antigenic fragments of a pathogen. 
C)  It is safer than an attenuated vaccine. 
D)  It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen. 
E)  It is made from pathogens that cannot replicate. 
A)  It can be produced with deactivated whole microorganisms. 
B)  It can be produced from antigenic fragments of a pathogen. 
C)  It is safer than an attenuated vaccine. 
D)  It is made from mutated forms of the pathogen. 
E)  It is made from pathogens that cannot replicate.

Question 9

One way to measure the antibody levels in the blood is by (neutralization/titration/turbidimetry)using agglutination tests.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One way to measure the antibody levels...

Question 10

Deliberate infection of young children with particles of ground smallpox scabs from children who had survived mild cases of smallpox was known as (vaccination/variolation/immunization).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Deliberate infection of young children with particles...

Question 11

Hybridomas are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  combining two virus-infected cells. 
B)  fusing plasma cells with myeloma cells. 
C)  repeated culture of a pathogen until it loses its virulence. 
D)  combining a viral infected cell with a bacterial infected cell. 
E)  combining two bacterial infected cells. 
A)  combining two virus-infected cells. 
B)  fusing plasma cells with myeloma cells. 
C)  repeated culture of a pathogen until it loses its virulence. 
D)  combining a viral infected cell with a bacterial infected cell. 
E)  combining two bacterial infected cells.

Question 12

Serologic tests may be used to detect ________ for diagnosis of disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of serum proteins 
B)  the ability of the patient's antibodies to activate the complement system 
C)  antigen-specific antibodies 
D)  specific epitopes 
E)  the proportion of plasma in a patient's blood 
A)  the concentration of serum proteins 
B)  the ability of the patient's antibodies to activate the complement system 
C)  antigen-specific antibodies 
D)  specific epitopes 
E)  the proportion of plasma in a patient's blood

Question 13

Infection with HIV is routinely verified using a(n)________ assay.

Accepted Answer

A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  immunodiffusion precipitation 
C)  viral neutralization 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  immunoblot 
A)  direct fluorescent antibody 
B)  immunodiffusion precipitation 
C)  viral neutralization 
D)  viral hemagglutination inhibition 
E)  immunoblot

Question 14

Agglutination tests are used to detect soluble antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Viral neutralization testing is based on the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies can be produced against the toxin of a pathogen. 
B)  antibodies have different molecular weights. 
C)  viruses introduced into appropriate cell cultures have a cytopathic effect. 
D)  the gene for a pathogen's antigen can be isolated and introduced into a host cell by way of a plasmid. 
E)  antibodies to certain microbes can be given a fluorescent label. 
A)  antibodies can be produced against the toxin of a pathogen. 
B)  antibodies have different molecular weights. 
C)  viruses introduced into appropriate cell cultures have a cytopathic effect. 
D)  the gene for a pathogen's antigen can be isolated and introduced into a host cell by way of a plasmid. 
E)  antibodies to certain microbes can be given a fluorescent label.

Question 16

Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins)....

Question 17

A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to remove a toxin gene from a pathogen,producing a(n)(attenuated/inactivated/subunit/toxoid)vaccine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to...

Question 18

Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are used for vaccination are called (adjuvants/antigens/toxoids).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are...

Question 19

Discuss the concept of herd immunity and its importance in creating and maintaining a healthy population.

Accepted Answer

Herd immunity results when a large enoug

Question 20

Which of the following substances is commonly used to inactivate microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  formaldehyde 
B)  alcohol 
C)  synthetic detergents 
D)  fluorescent dyes 
E)  alum 
A)  formaldehyde 
B)  alcohol 
C)  synthetic detergents 
D)  fluorescent dyes 
E)  alum

Exam 17: Immunization and Immune Testing

Infection with the fungus Coccidioides immitis is commonly diagnosed using a(n)________ assay.

Modern vaccine technology can involve inserting the DNA encoding the pathogen's antigen(s)into a (plasmid/hybridoma/virus)and injecting it into an individual.

Because attenuated live vaccines contain viruses that are less virulent,many booster vaccines must be given to produce an effective immune response.

Anti-human antibodies (specific for human IgG antibodies)with fluorescent molecules covalently attached are used for

Genetic manipulation of a microbe to remove one or more virulence factors is a method for producing a(n)________ vaccine.

Two types of vaccines for polio have been developed,an inactivated whole (Salk)and a live attenuated (Sabin)vaccine.Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the two polio vaccines.

A technician places a serum sample in a well in an agar plate and a solution of antigens in a second well in the plate.The technician has set up a(n)(agglutination/immunodiffusion/immunoblot)assay.

Which of the following statements regarding an inactivated vaccine is FALSE?

One way to measure the antibody levels in the blood is by (neutralization/titration/turbidimetry)using agglutination tests.

Deliberate infection of young children with particles of ground smallpox scabs from children who had survived mild cases of smallpox was known as (vaccination/variolation/immunization).

Hybridomas are produced by

Serologic tests may be used to detect ________ for diagnosis of disease.

Infection with HIV is routinely verified using a(n)________ assay.

Agglutination tests are used to detect soluble antigens.

Viral neutralization testing is based on the fact that

Snakebites are treated with (antisera/antitoxins/antivenins).

A researcher uses genetic recombination techniques to remove a toxin gene from a pathogen,producing a(n)(attenuated/inactivated/subunit/toxoid)vaccine.

Chemically or thermally modified toxins that are used for vaccination are called (adjuvants/antigens/toxoids).

Discuss the concept of herd immunity and its importance in creating and maintaining a healthy population.

Which of the following substances is commonly used to inactivate microbes?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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