Question 1

The neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum produce (flaccid/tetanic)paralysis by preventing muscle contraction.

Accepted Answer

flaccid

Question 2

Bacteria collected from a severely inflamed wound are sent to the lab for analysis.The results come back as follows: Gram-positive cocci in irregular clusters,kinase and coagulase positive,and able to grow in the presence of most antibiotics except vancomycin.The bacteria in the wound are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterococcus. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS
A) . 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus). 
A)  Enterococcus. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis. 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
D)  methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS
A) . 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus). D

Question 3

Which of the following statements about "flesh-eating" streptococci is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused by a group A streptococcus. 
B)  It is also known as necrotizing fasciitis because it travels along the fascia. 
C)  It causes death in over 50% of cases. 
D)  It is considered a common complication of pyoderma. 
E)  It involves toxemia. 
A)  It is caused by a group A streptococcus. 
B)  It is also known as necrotizing fasciitis because it travels along the fascia. 
C)  It causes death in over 50% of cases. 
D)  It is considered a common complication of pyoderma. 
E)  It involves toxemia. D

Question 4

Streptococcus pyogenes commonly causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in otherwise healthy people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Members of the genus (Bacillus/Enterococcus/Mycobacterium)are part of the normal microbiota of humans.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Members of the genus (Bacillus/Enterococcus/Mycobacterium)are part of...

Question 6

During a stay in the hospital,an accident victim develops symptoms of bacteremia.A blood sample shows the presence of Gram-positive cocci in pairs.Lab tests determine that the bacteria are nonhemolytic and bile salt tolerant.The bacteremia is likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterococcus. 
B)  Mycoplasma. 
C)  Staphylococcus. 
D)  Streptococcus. 
E)  Listeria. 
A)  Enterococcus. 
B)  Mycoplasma. 
C)  Staphylococcus. 
D)  Streptococcus. 
E)  Listeria.

Question 7

How does the toxin from Clostridium tetani produce its action?

Accepted Answer

A)  it fuses irreversibly to neurons, blocking release of acetylcholine at synaptic clefts. 
B)  the smaller polypeptide of its toxin can block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters by inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system. 
C)  it is a pyrogenic toxin, which triggers a diffused rash and, later, sloughing of skin. 
D)  it destroys tissues, including muscle and fat. 
E)  Antibodies to the toxin bind the neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle preventing relaxation. 
A)  it fuses irreversibly to neurons, blocking release of acetylcholine at synaptic clefts. 
B)  the smaller polypeptide of its toxin can block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters by inhibitory neurons in the central nervous system. 
C)  it is a pyrogenic toxin, which triggers a diffused rash and, later, sloughing of skin. 
D)  it destroys tissues, including muscle and fat. 
E)  Antibodies to the toxin bind the neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle preventing relaxation.

Question 8

A lab report on a respiratory patient's sample contains the notation MDR-TB.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two standard drugs for TB, isoniazid and rifampin, are not effective. 
B)  The patient has a mild case of TB. 
C)  There are almost no drugs that will treat the infection. 
D)  Most standard drugs for treatment of TB are recommended. 
E)  The bacteria responsible for the infection are moderately resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. 
A)  The two standard drugs for TB, isoniazid and rifampin, are not effective. 
B)  The patient has a mild case of TB. 
C)  There are almost no drugs that will treat the infection. 
D)  Most standard drugs for treatment of TB are recommended. 
E)  The bacteria responsible for the infection are moderately resistant to isoniazid and rifampin.

Question 9

The presence of ________ can be used to distinguish Staphylococcus from other Gram-positive cocci.

Accepted Answer

A)  enterotoxins 
B)  catalase enzyme 
C)  protein M 
D)  kinases 
E)  hemolysins 
A)  enterotoxins 
B)  catalase enzyme 
C)  protein M 
D)  kinases 
E)  hemolysins

Question 10

Adult foodborne botulism can be prevented by thoroughly cooking food (minimum 80°C for 20 minutes)before it is eaten.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria divide by "snapping division" in which daughter cells remain attached in characteristic V-shapes?

Accepted Answer

A)  staphylococci 
B)  enterococci 
C)  Corynebacterium 
D)  Listeria 
E)  Mycobacterium 
A)  staphylococci 
B)  enterococci 
C)  Corynebacterium 
D)  Listeria 
E)  Mycobacterium

Question 12

What differentiates virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nonvirulent strains?

Accepted Answer

A)  the species-specific teichoic acid present in its cell wall 
B)  the type of Lancefield antigen it produces 
C)  the presence of a polysaccharide capsule 
D)  the type of toxins it produces 
E)  the extent of the hemolytic zone it produces when it is grown on blood agar 
A)  the species-specific teichoic acid present in its cell wall 
B)  the type of Lancefield antigen it produces 
C)  the presence of a polysaccharide capsule 
D)  the type of toxins it produces 
E)  the extent of the hemolytic zone it produces when it is grown on blood agar

Question 13

Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be distinguished from other Gram-positive cocci because enterococci

Accepted Answer

A)  have a glycocalyx. 
B)  produce catalase enzyme. 
C)  produce hemolysins. 
D)  can grow in the presence of bile salts. 
E)  are highly sensitive to antibiotics. 
A)  have a glycocalyx. 
B)  produce catalase enzyme. 
C)  produce hemolysins. 
D)  can grow in the presence of bile salts. 
E)  are highly sensitive to antibiotics.

Question 14

Over 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are penicillin-resistant.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  they have loosely organized polysaccharide slime layers which protects their cell wall. 
B)  they produce coagulase. 
C)  They have a coating of protein A. 
D)  they produce β-lactamase. 
E)  they produce staphylokinase. 
A)  they have loosely organized polysaccharide slime layers which protects their cell wall. 
B)  they produce coagulase. 
C)  They have a coating of protein A. 
D)  they produce β-lactamase. 
E)  they produce staphylokinase.

Question 15

When streptococcal infections involve the skin and surrounding lymph nodes,triggering pain and inflammation,the condition is known as (erysipelas/folliculitis/pyoderma).

Accepted Answer

The answer of When streptococcal infections involve the skin and...

Question 16

Immunization for ________ may reduce the incidence of otitis media and sinusitis.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Propionibacterium acnes 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Propionibacterium acnes 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae 
E)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 17

Group A streptococci are considered more virulent if their cytoplasmic membrane contains M protein.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A "summer cold" that lasts for weeks and is characterized by sore throat,mild fever,dry cough,and malaise may be (pneumococcal/staphylococcal/walking)pneumonia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A "summer cold" that lasts for weeks...

Question 19

The primary treatment for food-borne botulism is (antibiotics/antitoxin/muscle relaxants).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary treatment for food-borne botulism is...

Question 20

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to persist and be spread in aerosols due to its ability to produce endospores.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 19: Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

The neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum produce (flaccid/tetanic)paralysis by preventing muscle contraction.

Which of the following statements about "flesh-eating" streptococci is FALSE?

Streptococcus pyogenes commonly causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in otherwise healthy people.

Members of the genus (Bacillus/Enterococcus/Mycobacterium)are part of the normal microbiota of humans.

During a stay in the hospital,an accident victim develops symptoms of bacteremia.A blood sample shows the presence of Gram-positive cocci in pairs.Lab tests determine that the bacteria are nonhemolytic and bile salt tolerant.The bacteremia is likely due to

How does the toxin from Clostridium tetani produce its action?

A lab report on a respiratory patient's sample contains the notation MDR-TB.What does this mean?

The presence of ________ can be used to distinguish Staphylococcus from other Gram-positive cocci.

Adult foodborne botulism can be prevented by thoroughly cooking food (minimum 80°C for 20 minutes)before it is eaten.

Which of the following bacteria divide by "snapping division" in which daughter cells remain attached in characteristic V-shapes?

What differentiates virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nonvirulent strains?

Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be distinguished from other Gram-positive cocci because enterococci

Over 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are penicillin-resistant.Why?

When streptococcal infections involve the skin and surrounding lymph nodes,triggering pain and inflammation,the condition is known as (erysipelas/folliculitis/pyoderma).

Immunization for ________ may reduce the incidence of otitis media and sinusitis.

Group A streptococci are considered more virulent if their cytoplasmic membrane contains M protein.

A "summer cold" that lasts for weeks and is characterized by sore throat,mild fever,dry cough,and malaise may be (pneumococcal/staphylococcal/walking)pneumonia.

The primary treatment for food-borne botulism is (antibiotics/antitoxin/muscle relaxants).

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to persist and be spread in aerosols due to its ability to produce endospores.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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