Question 1

Which of the following is a sign of disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  headache 
B)  dizziness 
C)  fever 
D)  nausea 
E)  cramps 
A)  headache 
B)  dizziness 
C)  fever 
D)  nausea 
E)  cramps

Question 2

Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Candida 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Bacteroides 
E)  both Candida and Lactobacillus 
A)  Candida 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  E. coli 
D)  Bacteroides 
E)  both Candida and Lactobacillus

Question 3

Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  coagulase 
B)  lipid A 
C)  hyaluronidase 
D)  kinase 
E)  collagenase 
A)  coagulase 
B)  lipid A 
C)  hyaluronidase 
D)  kinase 
E)  collagenase

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria in the human colon 
B)  tapeworm in the human intestine 
C)  tuberculosis in the human lung 
D)  protozoa in termites 
E)  microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus 
A)  bacteria in the human colon 
B)  tapeworm in the human intestine 
C)  tuberculosis in the human lung 
D)  protozoa in termites 
E)  microbes passing across the placenta to the fetus

Question 5

A (chronic/latent/subclinical)infection is one in which the microbe is actively reproducing but not causing symptoms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (chronic/latent/subclinical)infection is one in which the...

Question 6

Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are spread by (contact/indirect/vehicle)transmission.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are...

Question 7

Microbes known as transient microbiota are

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
C)  organisms that remain in the body for a short time. 
D)  unsuccessful microbial invaders because of the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  sources of microbial contamination. 
A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
C)  organisms that remain in the body for a short time. 
D)  unsuccessful microbial invaders because of the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  sources of microbial contamination.

Question 8

An axenic environment is one

Accepted Answer

A)  in which microorganisms remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  that is free of microbes. 
C)  that is a source of contamination. 
D)  in which microorganisms remain present only for a short time. 
E)  contaminated by microbial toxins. 
A)  in which microorganisms remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  that is free of microbes. 
C)  that is a source of contamination. 
D)  in which microorganisms remain present only for a short time. 
E)  contaminated by microbial toxins.

Question 9

Treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Accepted Answer

A)  subclinical disease 
B)  exogenous infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  superinfection 
E)  zoonotic 
A)  subclinical disease 
B)  exogenous infection 
C)  latent infection 
D)  superinfection 
E)  zoonotic

Question 10

Fomites are

Accepted Answer

A)  insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host. 
B)  inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. 
C)  fecal material from infected hosts. 
D)  animal sources for human pathogens. 
E)  silent carriers of infectious diseases. 
A)  insects that transmit pathogens from an infected host to a noninfected host. 
B)  inanimate objects involved in the indirect contact transmission of pathogens. 
C)  fecal material from infected hosts. 
D)  animal sources for human pathogens. 
E)  silent carriers of infectious diseases.

Question 11

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganisms that cause disease. 
C)  organisms that remain in the body for a short time. 
D)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  microorganisms that never cause disease. 
A)  microorganisms that remain with the person throughout life. 
B)  any microorganisms that cause disease. 
C)  organisms that remain in the body for a short time. 
D)  microorganisms that may cause a disease under certain circumstances. 
E)  microorganisms that never cause disease.

Question 12

The condition called parasitism is characterized as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed. 
B)  relationship between two organisms where both members benefit. 
C)  nonsymbiotic relationship. 
D)  unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other. 
A)  relationship between two organisms where only one member benefits and the other is unharmed. 
B)  relationship between two organisms where both members benefit. 
C)  nonsymbiotic relationship. 
D)  unsuccessful microbial invasion due to the presence of preexisting microbes. 
E)  relationship between two organisms where one member harms the other.

Question 13

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta. 
B)  A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears. 
C)  A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite. 
D)  Fungi digest the outer layer of the skin. 
E)  A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle. 
A)  a pathogen crosses from the mother to the fetus by way of the placenta. 
B)  A person rubs the eye with contaminated fingers and the pathogen is washed into the nasal cavity by way of tears. 
C)  A person is bitten by a mosquito that carries the malaria parasite. 
D)  Fungi digest the outer layer of the skin. 
E)  A person receives an injection with a contaminated needle.

Question 14

Fomites cause disease by direct contact.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

In early spring 2009,the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza ("swine flu")in the United States.By the summer,the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000.The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a(n)________ disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  sporadic 
D)  pandemic 
E)  opportunistic 
A)  epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  sporadic 
D)  pandemic 
E)  opportunistic

Question 16

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels.Which type of exposure does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  mucous membrane portal 
B)  parenteral route 
C)  skin portal 
D)  contact 
E)  fomite 
A)  mucous membrane portal 
B)  parenteral route 
C)  skin portal 
D)  contact 
E)  fomite

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Which of the following is a sign of disease?

Which of the following is considered part of the indigenous microbiota of the female reproductive system?

Which of the following virulence factors directly contributes to severe inflammation?

Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis?

A (chronic/latent/subclinical)infection is one in which the microbe is actively reproducing but not causing symptoms.

Pathogens in droplets of body fluids are spread by (contact/indirect/vehicle)transmission.

Microbes known as transient microbiota are

An axenic environment is one

Treatment with high doses of antibiotics may lead to which type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?

Fomites are

Organisms that are resident microbiota are best described as

The condition called parasitism is characterized as a(n)

In which of the following do the mucous membranes serve as a portal of entry for disease?

Fomites cause disease by direct contact.

In early spring 2009,the CDC reported several dozen cases of novel H1N1 influenza ("swine flu")in the United States.By the summer,the number of confirmed cases was reported as over 40,000.The pattern of novel H1N1 cases in the United States represents a(n)________ disease.

Chagas' disease is transmitted by a bug with mouthparts that penetrate blood vessels.Which type of exposure does this represent?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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