Question 1

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?

Accepted Answer

A)  The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery. 
C)  microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
D)  microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath. 
E)  microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal. 
A)  The baby acquires the residential microbiota in the colon after the first meal. 
B)  Staphylococcus epidermidis is transferred from the hospital staff to the newborn after delivery. 
C)  microbes cross the placenta during pregnancy. 
D)  microorganisms grow in the respiratory tract after the baby's first breath. 
E)  microbes enter the nose and mouth when the baby is in the birth canal.

Question 2

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  severity and duration of the disease. 
B)  means of transmission. 
C)  organs or organ systems affected by the disease. 
D)  type of microbe that causes the disease. 
E)  disease severity and duration, organ system affected or type of microbe. 
A)  severity and duration of the disease. 
B)  means of transmission. 
C)  organs or organ systems affected by the disease. 
D)  type of microbe that causes the disease. 
E)  disease severity and duration, organ system affected or type of microbe.

Question 3

Biofilms provide an alternative means for bacteria to attach to surfaces within the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Symptoms are

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel. 
B)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be measured. 
C)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed by others. 
D)  characteristics of a disease, such as sweating. 
E)  laboratory tests used to diagnose a disease. 
A)  subjective characteristics of a disease that only the patient can feel. 
B)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be measured. 
C)  objective manifestations of a disease that can be observed by others. 
D)  characteristics of a disease, such as sweating. 
E)  laboratory tests used to diagnose a disease.

Question 5

Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne 
A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne

Question 6

The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal)period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal)period is the time between infection...

Question 7

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.

Accepted Answer

Both endotoxins and exotoxins are produc

Question 8

Virions attach to target host cell by means of (capsules/capsids/ligands).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Virions attach to target host cell by...

Question 9

A patient has an upper GI endoscopic procedure and later develops a severe (endogenous/iatrogenic/secondary)infection with the Gram-negative pathogen known as CRE.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has an upper GI endoscopic...

Question 10

Figure represents a Petri dish with a fungus (F),shown in darker gray,growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B),shown in light gray.The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described

Accepted Answer

A)  synergistic. 
B)  amensal. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  None, there is no relationship between the microbes. 
A)  synergistic. 
B)  amensal. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  parasitic. 
E)  None, there is no relationship between the microbes.

Question 11

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

Accepted Answer

A)  malaria 
B)  HIV 
C)  cholera 
D)  chickenpox 
E)  rabies 
A)  malaria 
B)  HIV 
C)  cholera 
D)  chickenpox 
E)  rabies

Question 12

The fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers,but in immunocompromised people it overgrows,resulting in severe respiratory problems.The fungus is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) a parasite. 
B)  resident microbiota. 
C)  a mutualist symbiotic partner. 
D)  transient microbiota. 
E)  both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen. 
A) a parasite. 
B)  resident microbiota. 
C)  a mutualist symbiotic partner. 
D)  transient microbiota. 
E)  both resident microbiota and opportunistic pathogen.

Question 13

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV and AIDS. 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy. 
C)  liver flukes and liver cancer. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae and Hib meningitis. 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae and the flu. 
A)  HIV and AIDS. 
B)  Mycobacterium leprae and leprosy. 
C)  liver flukes and liver cancer. 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae and Hib meningitis. 
E)  Haemophilus influenzae and the flu.

Question 14

All infections result in disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Toxins that affect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract are (endotoxins/enterotoxins/exotoxins).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Toxins that affect the lining of the...

Question 16

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more.If a person inhales the bacteria from the air,what type of transmission has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect contact 
B)  airborne 
C)  waterborne 
D)  foodborne 
E)  bodily fluid 
A)  indirect contact 
B)  airborne 
C)  waterborne 
D)  foodborne 
E)  bodily fluid

Question 17

Compare and contrast analytical,descriptive and experimental epidemiology.

Accepted Answer

A goal shared by all three is determinin

Question 18

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake.Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosquitoes 
B)  aerosols 
C)  contact 
D)  contaminated water 
E)  contaminated milk 
A)  mosquitoes 
B)  aerosols 
C)  contact 
D)  contaminated water 
E)  contaminated milk

Question 19

In 2012,a new kind of fungal meningitis (infection of the nervous system)was discovered.Disease occurred among patients who had received steroid injections in the spine.Discuss whether these were healthcare-associated infections (HAIs): defend your answer.Discuss the route of transmission and what measures public health agencies could take to reduce disease.

Accepted Answer

The fungal meningitis of 2012 was an HAI

Question 20

Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)  iatrogenic 
B)  exogenous 
C)  opportunistic 
D)  endogenous 
E)  subacute 
A)  iatrogenic 
B)  exogenous 
C)  opportunistic 
D)  endogenous 
E)  subacute

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Which of the following situations is NOT a way in which a baby acquires normal microbiota?

Infectious diseases can be classified on the basis of

Biofilms provide an alternative means for bacteria to attach to surfaces within the body.

Symptoms are

Which of the following types of epidemiology applies Koch's postulates to study a disease?

The (incubation/morbidity/prodromal)period is the time between infection and the occurrence of the first symptoms or signs of the disease.

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.

Virions attach to target host cell by means of (capsules/capsids/ligands).

A patient has an upper GI endoscopic procedure and later develops a severe (endogenous/iatrogenic/secondary)infection with the Gram-negative pathogen known as CRE.

Figure represents a Petri dish with a fungus (F),shown in darker gray,growing in the midst of bacterial lawn (B),shown in light gray.The relationship between the fungus and the bacteria would best be described

Which of the following diseases may be reduced by improved public sanitation measures?

The fungus Pneumocystis jiroveci is found in the lungs of most people in low numbers,but in immunocompromised people it overgrows,resulting in severe respiratory problems.The fungus is best described as

Koch's postulates were used to demonstrate the relationship between

All infections result in disease.

Toxins that affect the lining of the gastrointestinal tract are (endotoxins/enterotoxins/exotoxins).

The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can be expelled from the lungs by a cough and remain viable in the air for an hour or more.If a person inhales the bacteria from the air,what type of transmission has occurred?

Compare and contrast analytical,descriptive and experimental epidemiology.

Over 470,000 cases of cholera were reported in Haiti in the two years following the 2010 earthquake.Which of the following was the most likely mode of transmission?

Diseases that are induced by modern medical procedures are referred to as ________ infections.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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