Question 1

Influenza is an example of a chronic disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne 
A)  droplet 
B)  direct 
C)  vector 
D)  fecal-oral 
E)  waterborne

Question 3

Koch's postulates can be applied to every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________ with microbes that become established as their microbiota.(Choose the most accurate term.)

Accepted Answer

A)  infected 
B)  parasitized 
C)  colonized 
D)  contaminated 
E)  infiltrated 
A)  infected 
B)  parasitized 
C)  colonized 
D)  contaminated 
E)  infiltrated

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  cockroach transmission of Shigella 
B)  mosquito transmission of Plasmodium 
C)  flea transmission of Yersinia 
D)  tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma 
E)  louse transmission of Rickettsia 
A)  cockroach transmission of Shigella 
B)  mosquito transmission of Plasmodium 
C)  flea transmission of Yersinia 
D)  tsetse fly transmission of Trypanosoma 
E)  louse transmission of Rickettsia

Question 6

A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly.What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread?

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitate access to vaccines. 
B)  Identify and treat people who are infected. 
C)  Educate members of the public about ways to protect themselves. 
D)  Educate the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected. 
E)  Shut down public transportation. 
A)  Facilitate access to vaccines. 
B)  Identify and treat people who are infected. 
C)  Educate members of the public about ways to protect themselves. 
D)  Educate the public, promote vaccination, and treat those who are infected. 
E)  Shut down public transportation.

Question 7

A person is exposed to rotten wood with fungal growth and develops blastomycosis.No one taking care of him/her becomes ill.Blastomycosis is an example of a ________ disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  contagious 
B)  subacute 
C)  chronic 
D)  noncommunicable 
E)  latent 
A)  contagious 
B)  subacute 
C)  chronic 
D)  noncommunicable 
E)  latent

Question 8

People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not.This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  fomites. 
B)  mechanical vectors. 
C)  biologicalvectors. transmission. 
D)  direct contact. 
E)  both direct contact and fomites. 
A)  fomites. 
B)  mechanical vectors. 
C)  biologicalvectors. transmission. 
D)  direct contact. 
E)  both direct contact and fomites.

Question 9

Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?

Accepted Answer

A)  ringworm 
B)  warts 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  yellow fever 
E)  pertussis 
A)  ringworm 
B)  warts 
C)  gonorrhea 
D)  yellow fever 
E)  pertussis

Question 10

Mutualism is a relationship

Accepted Answer

A)  that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other. 
B)  where only one member derives benefit from the other. 
C)  where one member of the relationship may kill the other. 
D)  where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other. 
E)  where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other. 
A)  that sometimes provides benefits for both members such that one or both parties cannot live without the other. 
B)  where only one member derives benefit from the other. 
C)  where one member of the relationship may kill the other. 
D)  where one member of the relationship benefits without hurting the other. 
E)  where it is difficult to prove the benefits or disadvantages one member of the relationship may provide for the other.

Question 11

Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system.This situation is an example of (commensalism/mutualism/parasitism).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the...

Question 12

Bacterial capsules are (antiphagocytic/cytotoxic/exotoxic)virulence factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacterial capsules are (antiphagocytic/cytotoxic/exotoxic)virulence factors....

Question 13

Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome)of disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome)of...

Question 14

The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater.As a consequence,cholera epidemics primarily involve (animal/nonliving/zoonotic)reservoirs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bacterium that causes cholera is capable...

Question 15

In early 2014,West African countries began diagnosing and reporting cases of Ebola for the first time in their history.This is an example of a(n)(endemic/epidemic/sporadic)disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In early 2014,West African countries began diagnosing...

Question 16

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases.This means

Accepted Answer

A)  12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000. 
B)  12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000. 
C)  there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000. 
D)  there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000. 
E)  12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000. 
A)  12.43 of every 100,000 people in the United States had tuberculosis in the year 2000. 
B)  12.43 of every 100,000 people died of tuberculosis in the United States in the year 2000. 
C)  there were 12.43 new cases of tuberculosis for every 100,000 people in the United States in the year 2000. 
D)  there were 12.43 tubercle bacilli per 100,000 microbes in the United States in the year 2000. 
E)  12.43 of every 100,000 cases of tuberculosis were treated in the United States in the year 2000.

Question 17

Researchers have proposed that the herpesvirus responsible for the childhood illness roseola may cause a type of T cell leukemia.Ninety percent of the population has been infected by the virus by two years of age,but the T cell leukemia is relatively rare.The virus can be cultured in the laboratory in tissue culture,but not in mature organisms.Discuss the obstacles to applying Koch's postulates to the etiology of this disease.

Accepted Answer

Koch's first postulate,that the suspect

Question 18

Lipid A is a(n)(cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin)that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever,inflammation,diarrhea,hemorrhaging,shock,and blood coagulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lipid A is a(n)(cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin)that stimulates the body...

Question 19

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  growth of microbes on the surface of intact skin 
B)  growth of microorganisms on the excreted cellular wastes and dead cells in the large intestine 
C)  treatment of a cancer patient with radiation 
D)  growth of Lactobacillus on the surface of teeth 
E)  presence of Entamoeba in the lumen of the colon 
A)  growth of microbes on the surface of intact skin 
B)  growth of microorganisms on the excreted cellular wastes and dead cells in the large intestine 
C)  treatment of a cancer patient with radiation 
D)  growth of Lactobacillus on the surface of teeth 
E)  presence of Entamoeba in the lumen of the colon

Exam 14: Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Influenza is an example of a chronic disease.

Aerosols may be involved in ________ transmission of pathogens.

Koch's postulates can be applied to every infectious disease to identify its causative pathogen.

The close contact between newborns and family members allow them to become ________ with microbes that become established as their microbiota.(Choose the most accurate term.)

Which of the following is considered a mechanical vector transmission?

A new influenza strain appears and is spreading rapidly.What measures might be taken by public health agencies to stop the spread?

A person is exposed to rotten wood with fungal growth and develops blastomycosis.No one taking care of him/her becomes ill.Blastomycosis is an example of a ________ disease.

People who wash their hands frequently during cold season typically have fewer colds than those who do not.This observation suggests cold viruses can be transmitted by

Which of the following is transmitted by the parenteral route?

Mutualism is a relationship

Staphylococcus bacteria are commonly present in the human nasal cavity but rarely cause disease of the upper respiratory system.This situation is an example of (commensalism/mutualism/parasitism).

Bacterial capsules are (antiphagocytic/cytotoxic/exotoxic)virulence factors.

Nausea is an example of a (sign/symptom/syndrome)of disease.

The bacterium that causes cholera is capable of living independently in freshwater.As a consequence,cholera epidemics primarily involve (animal/nonliving/zoonotic)reservoirs.

In early 2014,West African countries began diagnosing and reporting cases of Ebola for the first time in their history.This is an example of a(n)(endemic/epidemic/sporadic)disease.

The incidence of tuberculosis in the year 2000 in the United States was 12.43/100,000 cases.This means

Lipid A is a(n)(cytotoxin/endotoxin/exotoxin)that stimulates the body to release chemicals that cause fever,inflammation,diarrhea,hemorrhaging,shock,and blood coagulation.

Normal microbiota may cause disease if conditions change in the body.

Which of the following situations might cause normal microbiota to become opportunistic pathogens?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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