Question 1

Type O blood is missing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If the thymus fails to develop,

Accepted Answer

A)  functional T cells are absent. 
B)  functional B cells are absent. 
C)  Di George's syndrome exists. 
D)  complement deficiencies exist. 
E)  functional T cells are absent AND Di George's syndrome exists. 
A)  functional T cells are absent. 
B)  functional B cells are absent. 
C)  Di George's syndrome exists. 
D)  complement deficiencies exist. 
E)  functional T cells are absent AND Di George's syndrome exists.

Question 3

Which of the following primary immunodeficiencies is/are the most common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe combined immunodeficiency 
B)  Selective IgA deficiency 
C)  Agammaglobulinemia 
D)  Di George's syndrome 
E)  Agammaglobulinemia AND Di George's syndrome 
A)  Severe combined immunodeficiency 
B)  Selective IgA deficiency 
C)  Agammaglobulinemia 
D)  Di George's syndrome 
E)  Agammaglobulinemia AND Di George's syndrome

Question 4

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Accepted Answer

A)  are considered natural antibodies. 
B)  are present at birth. 
C)  are typically IgM. 
D)  easily cross the placenta. 
E)  are considered natural antibodies AND are typically IgM. 
A)  are considered natural antibodies. 
B)  are present at birth. 
C)  are typically IgM. 
D)  easily cross the placenta. 
E)  are considered natural antibodies AND are typically IgM.

Question 5

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an example of an autoimmune disease that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  phagocytosis. 
A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  phagocytosis.

Question 6

The hypersensitivity treatment that stimulates an increase of IgG and regulatory T cells, as well as causes a decrease in IgE, is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  desensitization. 
B)  immunity. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  exposure. 
E)  anaphylaxis. 
A)  desensitization. 
B)  immunity. 
C)  sensitization. 
D)  exposure. 
E)  anaphylaxis.

Question 7

You are very allergic to ragweed pollen, which gives you terrible hay fever. You remember from your own microbiology class that for you to have a reaction to this allergen every year, you must have become sensitized to it. Which step is not involved in or does not lead to sensitization?

Accepted Answer

A)  On first contact with the allergen, an antibody response is induced in the person. 
B)  Helper T cells activate naive B cells, which proliferate and differentiate. 
C)  Plasma cells produce IgE specific for the antigen that initiated the response. 
D)  The Fc portion of the IgE binds to receptors on mast cells or basophils, positioned so that their Fab sites are free. 
E)  These are all steps involved in sensitization. 
A)  On first contact with the allergen, an antibody response is induced in the person. 
B)  Helper T cells activate naive B cells, which proliferate and differentiate. 
C)  Plasma cells produce IgE specific for the antigen that initiated the response. 
D)  The Fc portion of the IgE binds to receptors on mast cells or basophils, positioned so that their Fab sites are free. 
E)  These are all steps involved in sensitization.

Question 8

Regarding a mismatch of either the Rh antigen or the AB antigen, both

Accepted Answer

A)  result in destruction of red blood cells by the foreign antigen. 
B)  use complement to destroy red blood cells. 
C)  use antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to destroy the red blood cells. 
D)  result in destruction of only leukocytes. 
E)  use either complement or ADCC to destroy red blood cells. 
A)  result in destruction of red blood cells by the foreign antigen. 
B)  use complement to destroy red blood cells. 
C)  use antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to destroy the red blood cells. 
D)  result in destruction of only leukocytes. 
E)  use either complement or ADCC to destroy red blood cells.

Question 9

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb)

Accepted Answer

A)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND uses an engineered form of an IgG molecule. 
B)  promotes crosslinking between IgE molecules on the mast cells AND appears promising as a treatment for asthma. 
C)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND decreases the levels of IgG. 
D)  uses an engineered form of an IgG molecule AND promotes crosslinking between IgE molecules on the mast cells. 
E)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND uses an engineered form of an IgM molecule. 
A)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND uses an engineered form of an IgG molecule. 
B)  promotes crosslinking between IgE molecules on the mast cells AND appears promising as a treatment for asthma. 
C)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND decreases the levels of IgG. 
D)  uses an engineered form of an IgG molecule AND promotes crosslinking between IgE molecules on the mast cells. 
E)  appears promising as a treatment for asthma AND uses an engineered form of an IgM molecule.

Question 10

During a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, the mast cells

Accepted Answer

A)  become phagocytic AND release IgG. 
B)  degranulate AND release IgE antibodies. 
C)  take up histamine AND immediately degranulate. 
D)  become phagocytic AND immediately release histamine. 
E)  degranulate AND immediately release histamine. 
A)  become phagocytic AND release IgG. 
B)  degranulate AND release IgE antibodies. 
C)  take up histamine AND immediately degranulate. 
D)  become phagocytic AND immediately release histamine. 
E)  degranulate AND immediately release histamine.

Question 11

Graft-versus-host disease is primarily a

Accepted Answer

A)  type I reaction. 
B)  type II reaction. 
C)  type III reaction. 
D)  type IV reaction. 
E)  type V reaction. 
A)  type I reaction. 
B)  type II reaction. 
C)  type III reaction. 
D)  type IV reaction. 
E)  type V reaction.

Question 12

The fetus is not rejected because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is too small. 
B)  it is in an immunologically privileged site. 
C)  the father is immunosuppressed. 
D)  it has no antigens. 
E)  it has no normal microbiota. 
A)  it is too small. 
B)  it is in an immunologically privileged site. 
C)  the father is immunosuppressed. 
D)  it has no antigens. 
E)  it has no normal microbiota.

Question 13

Which of the following about immune complexes is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist of antigen-antibody bound together. 
B)  They are usually cleared rapidly from the body. 
C)  They bind to Fc receptors on cells. 
D)  They are involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. 
E)  They are involved in type III hypersensitivity reactions 
A)  They consist of antigen-antibody bound together. 
B)  They are usually cleared rapidly from the body. 
C)  They bind to Fc receptors on cells. 
D)  They are involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. 
E)  They are involved in type III hypersensitivity reactions

Question 14

Your father has just been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. He has pain and the sensation of "pins and needles" in some if his finger joints and also in his wrists. He knows you covered autoimmune diseases in your microbiology class, so asks you to help him understand his condition.
-You explain to your Dad that the causes of RA are not clear, but may involve all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  insufficient production of B cells, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells, so that the adaptive immune response is unable to differentiate "self" from "foreign." 
B)  infections-an immune response against a pathogen engaged in molecular mimicry may inappropriately attack healthy tissues as well. 
C)  regulatory T cell problems-sometimes these cells are deficient or do not function properly; these cells play a role in regulating inappropriately activated lymphocytes. 
D)  genetics-RA is often seen in related people who share genes for major histocompatibility molecules. 
E)  These are all factors involved in developing RA. 
A)  insufficient production of B cells, helper T cells, and cytotoxic T cells, so that the adaptive immune response is unable to differentiate "self" from "foreign." 
B)  infections-an immune response against a pathogen engaged in molecular mimicry may inappropriately attack healthy tissues as well. 
C)  regulatory T cell problems-sometimes these cells are deficient or do not function properly; these cells play a role in regulating inappropriately activated lymphocytes. 
D)  genetics-RA is often seen in related people who share genes for major histocompatibility molecules. 
E)  These are all factors involved in developing RA.

Question 15

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically peak within

Accepted Answer

A)  2-3 days. 
B)  12 hours. 
C)  weeks. 
D)  minutes. 
E)  seconds. 
A)  2-3 days. 
B)  12 hours. 
C)  weeks. 
D)  minutes. 
E)  seconds.

Question 16

The redness and induration found after a tuberculin skin test involve the action of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  complement proteins. 
D)  basophil cells. 
E)  activated dendritic cells. 
A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  complement proteins. 
D)  basophil cells. 
E)  activated dendritic cells.

Question 17

Your allergies are so bad every year that you finally decide that you are going to go for desensitization treatments. These treatments

Accepted Answer

A)  involve getting concentrated shots of allergen that causes the immune system to produce IgM against it. When exposed to the allergen again, the IgM antibodies bind to it, coating it and preventing it from cross-linking bound IgE on T cells. 
B)  involve you sitting in a room into which ragweed pollen will be introduced via the air system. This will force your immune system to recognize the allergen as "friendly" and stop reacting to it by causing basophils to degranulate. 
C)  include receiving increasingly high doses of antihistamine so that a maximum level is reached on your blood stream. The antihistamines will neutralize the allergen by binding to it before it has the opportunity to bind to basophil-bound IgE. 
D)  involve getting shots of very dilute allergen that causes the immune system to produce IgG against it. When exposed to the allergen again, the IgG antibodies bind to it, coating it and preventing it from cross-linking bound IgE on mast cells or basophils. 
E)  involves recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies (rhuMabs). These will bind to and neutralize the IgA made on on first exposure to ragweed pollen, and prevent your B cells from undergoing class switching. 
A)  involve getting concentrated shots of allergen that causes the immune system to produce IgM against it. When exposed to the allergen again, the IgM antibodies bind to it, coating it and preventing it from cross-linking bound IgE on T cells. 
B)  involve you sitting in a room into which ragweed pollen will be introduced via the air system. This will force your immune system to recognize the allergen as "friendly" and stop reacting to it by causing basophils to degranulate. 
C)  include receiving increasingly high doses of antihistamine so that a maximum level is reached on your blood stream. The antihistamines will neutralize the allergen by binding to it before it has the opportunity to bind to basophil-bound IgE. 
D)  involve getting shots of very dilute allergen that causes the immune system to produce IgG against it. When exposed to the allergen again, the IgG antibodies bind to it, coating it and preventing it from cross-linking bound IgE on mast cells or basophils. 
E)  involves recombinant humanized monoclonal antibodies (rhuMabs). These will bind to and neutralize the IgA made on on first exposure to ragweed pollen, and prevent your B cells from undergoing class switching.

Question 18

The natural antibodies in serum that react with A or B polysaccharide antigens are mostly of the class

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  IgA. 
A)  IgG. 
B)  IgE. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  IgA.

Question 19

Gene therapy technology

Accepted Answer

A)  may be used to generate cells for transplantation. 
B)  may overcome graft rejection. 
C)  may treat cancer. 
D)  may down-regulate the immune response. 
E)  may overcome graft rejections AND may treat cancer. 
A)  may be used to generate cells for transplantation. 
B)  may overcome graft rejection. 
C)  may treat cancer. 
D)  may down-regulate the immune response. 
E)  may overcome graft rejections AND may treat cancer.

Question 20

Myasthenia gravis is an example of an autoimmune disease that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  muscle genes. 
A)  sensitized T cells. 
B)  cytotoxic T cells. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  IgD. 
E)  muscle genes.

Exam 17: Immunological Disorders

Type O blood is missing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

If the thymus fails to develop,

Which of the following primary immunodeficiencies is/are the most common?

Anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an example of an autoimmune disease that involves

The hypersensitivity treatment that stimulates an increase of IgG and regulatory T cells, as well as causes a decrease in IgE, is known as

You are very allergic to ragweed pollen, which gives you terrible hay fever. You remember from your own microbiology class that for you to have a reaction to this allergen every year, you must have become sensitized to it. Which step is not involved in or does not lead to sensitization?

Regarding a mismatch of either the Rh antigen or the AB antigen, both

Recombinant human monoclonal antibody (rhuMAb)

During a Type I hypersensitivity reaction, the mast cells

Graft-versus-host disease is primarily a

The fetus is not rejected because

Which of the following about immune complexes is False?

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions typically peak within

The redness and induration found after a tuberculin skin test involve the action of

Your allergies are so bad every year that you finally decide that you are going to go for desensitization treatments. These treatments

The natural antibodies in serum that react with A or B polysaccharide antigens are mostly of the class

Gene therapy technology

Myasthenia gravis is an example of an autoimmune disease that involves

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