Question 1

Scales used in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) Glasgow Coma Scale.
2) Epworth Sleepiness scale.
3) Fatigue Severity Scale.
4) Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 D

Question 2

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes. 
B)  stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes. 
C)  increase the respiratory drive in the medulla. 
D)  blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus. 
A)  preoxygenate the airway prior to the apneic episodes. 
B)  stimulate the central chemoreceptors and prevent apneic episodes. 
C)  increase the respiratory drive in the medulla. 
D)  blow off carbon dioxide in the alveolus. A

Question 3

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea?
1) Excess weight
2) Large neck size
3) Hypertension
4) Hypoglycemia

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 D

Question 4

Sleep apnea is associated with:
1) increased SVR.
2) decreased SVR.
3) increased PVR.
4) decreased PVR.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 3 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 3 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 5

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea?
1) Acetazolamide
2) Oxygen therapy
3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications
4) Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 6

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

Accepted Answer

A)  Central sleep apnea 
B)  COPD 
C)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
D)  Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis) 
A)  Central sleep apnea 
B)  COPD 
C)  Obstructive sleep apnea 
D)  Laryngeal edema (epiglottitis)

Question 7

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits?
1) Obstructive apnea traits
2) Central apnea traits
3) Usually begins as central apnea
4) Usually ends as central apnea

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 4 
B) 1, 3 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 1, 2, 4 
A) 2, 4 
B) 1, 3 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 8

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  CPAP. 
B)  adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP). 
C)  mechanical ventilation. 
D)  palatopharyngoplasty. 
A)  CPAP. 
B)  adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP). 
C)  mechanical ventilation. 
D)  palatopharyngoplasty.

Question 9

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings?
1) More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep.
2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period.
3) More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive.
4) More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 4 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 10

Which of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep?
1) The diaphragm functions normally.
2) The person is easy to awaken.
3) Dreaming occurs.
4) Skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 3, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 11

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of in-home portable sleep testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Convenience 
B)  Patient acceptance 
C)  Performed over multiple nights 
D)  Published standards for scoring or interpretation 
A)  Convenience 
B)  Patient acceptance 
C)  Performed over multiple nights 
D)  Published standards for scoring or interpretation

Question 12

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

Accepted Answer

A)  find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity. 
B)  determine the lowest possible CPAP level. 
C)  find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway. 
D)  determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation. 
A)  find the maximum CPAP level for the functional residual capacity. 
B)  determine the lowest possible CPAP level. 
C)  find the CPAP level to maintain an open airway. 
D)  determine the pressure needed for negative-pressure ventilation.

Question 13

Which of the following is typically not evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breath sounds. 
B)  Chest and/or abdominal movement 
C)  Electro-oculogram (EOG) 
D)  Nasal and oral air flow 
A)  Breath sounds. 
B)  Chest and/or abdominal movement 
C)  Electro-oculogram (EOG) 
D)  Nasal and oral air flow

Question 14

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include:
1) insomnia.
2) excessive daytime sleepiness.
3) hypothyroidism.
4) metabolic alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 15

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

Accepted Answer

A)  pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator. 
B)  prevents airway collapse. 
C)  stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing. 
D)  delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient. 
A)  pushes air into and out of the lungs like a mechanical ventilator. 
B)  prevents airway collapse. 
C)  stretches the J receptors in the chest wall to stimulate breathing. 
D)  delivers a tidal volume breath to the patient.

Question 16

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include:
1) Pickwickian syndrome.
2) depression.
3) encephalitis.
4) brain stem infarction.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 17

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atrioventricular block 
B)  Sinus bradycardia 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contraction 
A)  Atrioventricular block 
B)  Sinus bradycardia 
C)  Ventricular tachycardia 
D)  Premature ventricular contraction

Exam 32: Sleep Apnea

Scales used in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea include: 1) Glasgow Coma Scale. 2) Epworth Sleepiness scale. 3) Fatigue Severity Scale. 4) Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale.

The rationale behind the use of supplemental oxygen in the treatment of sleep apnea is to:

The respiratory therapist is evaluating a patient for risk for obstructive sleep apnea. Which of the following are risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea? 1) Excess weight 2) Large neck size 3) Hypertension 4) Hypoglycemia

Sleep apnea is associated with: 1) increased SVR. 2) decreased SVR. 3) increased PVR. 4) decreased PVR.

Which of the following may be used in the management of a patient with central sleep apnea? 1) Acetazolamide 2) Oxygen therapy 3) Inhaled bronchodilator medications 4) Adaptive servo-ventilation (VPAP)

During a pulmonary function study, it was found that a patient has a sawtooth pattern on his flow-volume loop. What is this finding associated with?

Mixed sleep apnea has which of these traits? 1) Obstructive apnea traits 2) Central apnea traits 3) Usually begins as central apnea 4) Usually ends as central apnea

First-line treatment for the management of hyperventilation-related central sleep apnea includes:

Sleep apnea would be diagnosed in a patient who has which of these findings? 1) More than 15 apnea episodes per hour of sleep. 2) More than 5 apnea episodes per hour over an 8-hour period. 3) More than 75% of the apneas are obstructive. 4) More than 75% of the apneas and hypopneas are obstructive.

Which of the following are found during rapid eye movement sleep? 1) The diaphragm functions normally. 2) The person is easy to awaken. 3) Dreaming occurs. 4) Skeletal muscles are paralyzed.

Which of the following may be a disadvantage of in-home portable sleep testing?

A CPAP titration polysomnogram is performed to:

Which of the following is typically not evaluated during a polysomnographic sleep study?

Signs and symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea include: 1) insomnia. 2) excessive daytime sleepiness. 3) hypothyroidism. 4) metabolic alkalosis.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is useful in the management of the patient with obstructive sleep apnea because it:

Clinical disorders associated with central sleep apnea include: 1) Pickwickian syndrome. 2) depression. 3) encephalitis. 4) brain stem infarction.

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias is life threatening?

The Patient Interview

The Physical Examination

The Pathophysiologic Basis for Common Clinical Manifestations

Pulmonary Function Testing

Blood Gas Assessment

Assessment of Oxygenation

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System

Radiologic Examination of the Chest

Other Important Tests and Procedures

The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program

Respiratory Insufficiency, Respiratory Failure and Ventilatory Management Protocols

Recording Skills and Intra-Professional Communication

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Bronchiectasis

Atelectasis

Pneumonia, Lung Abscess Formation, and Important Fungal Diseases

Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension

Flail Chest

Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Kyphoscoliosis

Cancer of the Lung, Prevention and Palliation

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Myasthenia Gravis

Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Care of Patients With Neuromuscular Disease

Newborn Assessment and Management

Pediatric Assessment, Protocols, and Pals Management

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Air Leak Syndrome

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Bronchiolitis

Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital Heart Disease

Croup and Croup-Like Syndromes: Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Acute Epiglottitis

Near Drowningwet Drowning

Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

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