Question 1

Fungal lung infections are usually spread by:

Accepted Answer

A)  inhaling spores. 
B)  blood. 
C)  contact with infected sputum. 
D)  inhaling infected droplets. 
A)  inhaling spores. 
B)  blood. 
C)  contact with infected sputum. 
D)  inhaling infected droplets. A

Question 2

Which of the following pulmonary infections is most commonly seen in patients with AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic 
B)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (Diplococcus pneumoniae) 
D)  Legionella pneumophila 
A)  Anaerobic 
B)  Pneumocystis jiroveci 
C)  Streptococcus pneumoniae (Diplococcus pneumoniae) 
D)  Legionella pneumophila B

Question 3

Which of the following are predisposing factors to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract?
1) General anesthesia
2) Asthma
3) Seizure disorder
4) Alcohol abuse

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 D

Question 4

During the advanced stages of a fungal lung infection, which of the following is commonly seen on the chest radiograph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperinflation 
B)  Spherical nodules 
C)  Right shift of the heart 
D)  Cavities 
A)  Hyperinflation 
B)  Spherical nodules 
C)  Right shift of the heart 
D)  Cavities

Question 5

A patient lives in Cleveland and has HIV and a weakened immune system. What fungal infection is the patient at risk for developing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma infection 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Streptococcal infection 
D)  Disseminated histoplasmosis 
A)  Mycoplasma infection 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Streptococcal infection 
D)  Disseminated histoplasmosis

Question 6

Physical assessment findings on a patient with pneumonia would include:
1) bradycardia.
2) whispered pectoriloquy.
3) dull percussion note.
4) increased vocal fremitus.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 1, 3 
B) 1, 2, 4 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 7

After cleaning out his chicken coop, a farmer has developed a fungal lung infection. What type of infection is it most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coccidioidomycosis 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Histoplasmosis 
D)  Cryptococcal infection 
A)  Coccidioidomycosis 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Histoplasmosis 
D)  Cryptococcal infection

Question 8

During the early stages of a lung abscess, the pathologic process is identical to that of:

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary edema. 
B)  bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 
C)  acute pneumonia. 
D)  pulmonary fibrosis. 
A)  pulmonary edema. 
B)  bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 
C)  acute pneumonia. 
D)  pulmonary fibrosis.

Question 9

When a patient has pneumonia, which of the following would be found in the alveolar effusion fluids?
1) Mucus
2) Macrophages
3) Saliva
4) Red blood cells

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4 
A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 2, 3 
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 10

A patient has a bacterial pneumonia. What kills the invading bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages 
B)  Red blood cells 
C)  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 
D)  Serum fluid 
A)  Macrophages 
B)  Red blood cells 
C)  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 
D)  Serum fluid

Question 11

Which of the following can cause pneumonia?
1) Bacteria
2) Viruses
3) Prions
4) Fungi

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 12

Overall, most cases of pneumonia are caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses. 
B)  gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  protozoa. 
D)  fungi. 
A)  viruses. 
B)  gram-negative bacteria. 
C)  protozoa. 
D)  fungi.

Question 13

What is the standard treatment for a lung abscess caused by an anaerobic pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clindamycin 
B)  Penicillin 
C)  Neomycin 
D)  Omalizumab 
A)  Clindamycin 
B)  Penicillin 
C)  Neomycin 
D)  Omalizumab

Question 14

Which of the following can occur when tissue necrosis occurs in a lung abscess?
1) Fluid can rupture into a bronchus.
2) Broncholithiasis can occur.
3) Bronchospasm can close off the affected bronchi.
4) Fluid can rupture into the intrapleural space.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 1, 2 
B) 1, 4 
C) 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 15

A patient has bilateral pneumonia. What findings can be expected on the CT scan?
1) Depressed diaphragms
2) Elongated heart
3) Air bronchograms
4) Consolidation

Accepted Answer

A) 3, 4 
B) 1, 2 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 3, 4 
B) 1, 2 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 16

What is the term for the fibrinous membrane that surrounds a lung abscess?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serous membrane 
B)  Sclerotic membrane 
C)  Alveolar membrane 
D)  Pyogenic membrane 
A)  Serous membrane 
B)  Sclerotic membrane 
C)  Alveolar membrane 
D)  Pyogenic membrane

Question 17

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops:

Accepted Answer

A)  between 24 and 48 hours after endotracheal intubation. 
B)  more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation. 
C)  less than 24 hours after mechanical ventilation is started. 
D)  more than 72 hours after mechanical ventilation is started. 
A)  between 24 and 48 hours after endotracheal intubation. 
B)  more than 48 to 72 hours after endotracheal intubation. 
C)  less than 24 hours after mechanical ventilation is started. 
D)  more than 72 hours after mechanical ventilation is started.

Question 18

Fungal diseases can cause which type of pulmonary disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  An acute restrictive disorder 
B)  A chronic restrictive disorder 
C)  An acute obstructive disorder 
D)  A chronic obstructive disorder 
A)  An acute restrictive disorder 
B)  A chronic restrictive disorder 
C)  An acute obstructive disorder 
D)  A chronic obstructive disorder

Question 19

Which of the following conditions can result in a lung abscess?
1) Penetrating chest wound
2) Septic embolism
3) Swallowing disorders
4) Bronchogenic cyst

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4 
A) 1, 2 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 2, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 20

Which of the following are identified as opportunistic yeast pathogens?
1) Candida albicans
2) Cryptococcus neoformans
3) Aspergillus
4) Mycoplasma

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3 
A) 1 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Exam 18: Pneumonia, Lung Abscess Formation, and Important Fungal Diseases

Fungal lung infections are usually spread by:

Which of the following pulmonary infections is most commonly seen in patients with AIDS?

Which of the following are predisposing factors to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract? 1) General anesthesia 2) Asthma 3) Seizure disorder 4) Alcohol abuse

During the advanced stages of a fungal lung infection, which of the following is commonly seen on the chest radiograph?

A patient lives in Cleveland and has HIV and a weakened immune system. What fungal infection is the patient at risk for developing?

Physical assessment findings on a patient with pneumonia would include: 1) bradycardia. 2) whispered pectoriloquy. 3) dull percussion note. 4) increased vocal fremitus.

After cleaning out his chicken coop, a farmer has developed a fungal lung infection. What type of infection is it most likely to be?

During the early stages of a lung abscess, the pathologic process is identical to that of:

When a patient has pneumonia, which of the following would be found in the alveolar effusion fluids? 1) Mucus 2) Macrophages 3) Saliva 4) Red blood cells

A patient has a bacterial pneumonia. What kills the invading bacteria?

Which of the following can cause pneumonia? 1) Bacteria 2) Viruses 3) Prions 4) Fungi

Overall, most cases of pneumonia are caused by:

What is the standard treatment for a lung abscess caused by an anaerobic pathogen?

Which of the following can occur when tissue necrosis occurs in a lung abscess? 1) Fluid can rupture into a bronchus. 2) Broncholithiasis can occur. 3) Bronchospasm can close off the affected bronchi. 4) Fluid can rupture into the intrapleural space.

A patient has bilateral pneumonia. What findings can be expected on the CT scan? 1) Depressed diaphragms 2) Elongated heart 3) Air bronchograms 4) Consolidation

What is the term for the fibrinous membrane that surrounds a lung abscess?

Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops:

Fungal diseases can cause which type of pulmonary disorder?

Which of the following conditions can result in a lung abscess? 1) Penetrating chest wound 2) Septic embolism 3) Swallowing disorders 4) Bronchogenic cyst

Which of the following are identified as opportunistic yeast pathogens? 1) Candida albicans 2) Cryptococcus neoformans 3) Aspergillus 4) Mycoplasma

The Patient Interview

The Physical Examination

The Pathophysiologic Basis for Common Clinical Manifestations

Pulmonary Function Testing

Blood Gas Assessment

Assessment of Oxygenation

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System

Radiologic Examination of the Chest

Other Important Tests and Procedures

The Therapist-Driven Protocol Program

Respiratory Insufficiency, Respiratory Failure and Ventilatory Management Protocols

Recording Skills and Intra-Professional Communication

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema

Asthma

Cystic Fibrosis

Bronchiectasis

Atelectasis

Tuberculosis

Pulmonary Edema

Pulmonary Vascular Disease: Pulmonary Embolism and Pulmonary Hypertension

Flail Chest

Pneumothorax

Pleural Effusion and Empyema

Kyphoscoliosis

Cancer of the Lung, Prevention and Palliation

Interstitial Lung Diseases

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Myasthenia Gravis

Cardiopulmonary Assessment and Care of Patients With Neuromuscular Disease

Sleep Apnea

Newborn Assessment and Management

Pediatric Assessment, Protocols, and Pals Management

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Air Leak Syndrome

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Bronchiolitis

Chronic Lung Disease of Infancy

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital Heart Disease

Croup and Croup-Like Syndromes: Laryngotracheobronchitis, Bacterial Tracheitis, and Acute Epiglottitis

Near Drowningwet Drowning

Smoke Inhalation, Thermal Injuries, and Carbon Monoxide Intoxication

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