Exam 38: Pulmonary Air Leak Syndrome

During mechanical ventilation of a preterm neonate, which of the following are considered to be important etiologic factors for the development of pulmonary air leak syndromes? 1) High levels of PEEP 2) High oxygen concentration 3) Prolonged inspiratory time 4) High PIP

What clinical presentation would be seen in a patient with a pneumoperitoneum?

A physician is performing transillumination to determine whether a neonate has a pneumothorax. What finding would confirm the presence of a pneumothorax?

Common strategies used to reduce the risk for mechanical ventilation include: 1) low tidal volume ventilation. 2) normalization of blood gases. 3) minimize intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure. 4) increase the respiratory rate.

A neonate with pulmonary interstitial emphysema has developed a pneumothorax. In the early stages, a pneumothorax will manifest itself clinically as _____ disorder.

Which of the following chest radiograph findings would confirm the presence of PIE? 1) Mediastinal shift to the unaffected side 2) Air below the diaphragms 3) Lung hyperinflation 4) Fine, bubbly appearance of the lungs

Prior to the introduction of exogenous surfactant, with which condition were preterm neonates most likely to develop pulmonary air leak syndrome?

Which of the following are associated with a pneumopericardium? 1) Systemic hypotension 2) Reduced cardiac output 3) Decreased stroke volume 4) Increased cardiac index

Following delivery, when do pulmonary air leak syndromes commonly occur in preterm neonates?

Which of the following conditions is described as dissection of gas into the fascial planes of the skin and neck?

During the physical examination of a neonate with early pulmonary air leak syndromes, what respiratory rate would be expected?

Which of the following medications would be recommended for the treatment of SIAHD?

An intubated, mechanically ventilated neonate developed a pneumothorax of the right lung. What could the respiratory therapist recommend to help the injured lung to heal?

A neonate on mechanical ventilation developed pulmonary air leak syndrome. What change should the respiratory therapist now recommend?

How does pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) affect lung function? 1) Increased airway resistance 2) Decreased lung compliance 3) Increased lung compliance 4) Decreased airway resistance

Which of the following might be used to relieve a tension pneumothorax in a neonate?

What clinical manifestations are associated with the more negative intrapleural pressures generated during inspiration by a patient with pulmonary air leak syndrome? 1) Cyanosis of dependent thorax and abdomen 2) Intercostal and substernal retractions 3) Flaring nostrils 4) Inspiratory stridor