Exam 33: Newborn Assessment and Management

An infant in respiratory distress will often generate a high negative intrapleural pressure during inspiration. In comparison to an adult, this will result in: 1) cyanosis of dependent thoracic areas. 2) "seesaw" breathing pattern. 3) alveolar hyperinflation. 4) intercostal retractions.

A neonate in respiratory distress will often dilate his/her nostrils to:

A premature infant has two pulse oximeters placed: one on the right hand and one on the left foot. The respiratory therapist notes that the reading on the right hand is consistently 12% greater than the reading on the left foot. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this finding?

A neonatal patient has PPHN. What may develop as a consequence of this?

A newborn's 5-minute Apgar score is 7. How should this be interpreted?

When a neonate has PPHN, what structures does the blood flow through to bypass the lungs? 1) Ductus venosus 2) Foramen ovale 3) Hypogastric arteries 4) Ductus arteriosus

A premature infant is suspected of having persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. How is this diagnosis confirmed?

PPHN usually appears:

Which of the following can trigger apnea in the premature infant? 1) Micrognathia 2) Intracranial hemorrhage 3) REM sleep 4) Hyperthermia

A neonatal patient is found to have grunting on expiration. What physiologic effect does this produce?

Apnea of prematurity can be defined as: 1) respiratory pause causing bradycardia. 2) cycles of short breathing pauses followed by faster breathing. 3) no breathing for >20 seconds. 4) sudden apnea and death (crib death).

Respiratory causes of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) include: 1) congenital heart disease. 2) hypoxia. 3) meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). 4) respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

A premature infant is found to be "bobbing" her head. This is important because it can be a sign of which of the following?

Late clinical manifestations of an infant with respiratory distress include: 1) elevated diaphragm. 2) decreased respiratory rate. 3) CO₂ retention. 4) lethargy.

Early clinical manifestations of an infant with respiratory distress include: 1) cyanosis. 2) substernal retractions. 3) expiratory grunting. 4) apnea.

Apneic episodes in a premature neonate can be caused by which of the following? 1) Epiglottitis 2) Immature central nervous system 3) Immature airway receptors 4) Immature chemoreceptors