Question 1

Which of the following defines protein turnover?

Accepted Answer

A) The sum of protein in food and the body 
B) The sum of protein synthesis and degradation 
C) The amount of protein absorbed from the diet 
D) The amount of protein used to synthesize glucose 
A) The sum of protein in food and the body 
B) The sum of protein synthesis and degradation 
C) The amount of protein absorbed from the diet 
D) The amount of protein used to synthesize glucose

Question 2

Which of the following is a feature of homocysteine?

Accepted Answer

A) It is found only in animal foods 
B) It is a risk factor for osteoporosis 
C) It is increased in the blood of coffee drinkers 
D) It is increased in the blood of vitamin C-deficient people 
A) It is found only in animal foods 
B) It is a risk factor for osteoporosis 
C) It is increased in the blood of coffee drinkers 
D) It is increased in the blood of vitamin C-deficient people

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A) It has no tertiary structure 
B) It holds the mineral calcium 
C) It is constructed of 4 polypeptide chains 
D) It has no primary or secondary structure 
A) It has no tertiary structure 
B) It holds the mineral calcium 
C) It is constructed of 4 polypeptide chains 
D) It has no primary or secondary structure

Question 4

Which of the following is a feature of malnutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) Dysentery is common and leads to diarrhea and nutrient depletion 
B) Intestinal villi grow slightly larger to provide additional absorptive surfaces for nutrients 
C) Digestive enzyme production increases in order to extract as much of the ingested nutrients as possible 
D) Infections are uncommon due to insufficient availability of nutrients in the body to support growth of bacteria and viruses 
A) Dysentery is common and leads to diarrhea and nutrient depletion 
B) Intestinal villi grow slightly larger to provide additional absorptive surfaces for nutrients 
C) Digestive enzyme production increases in order to extract as much of the ingested nutrients as possible 
D) Infections are uncommon due to insufficient availability of nutrients in the body to support growth of bacteria and viruses

Question 5

A common genetic variation which causes a change in the amino acid sequence in the structure of hemoglobin leads to the disease

Accepted Answer

A) diabetes. 
B) marasmus. 
C) kwashiorkor. 
D) sickle-cell anemia. 
A) diabetes. 
B) marasmus. 
C) kwashiorkor. 
D) sickle-cell anemia.

Question 6

The incidence of PKU in infants in the United States is one in every

Accepted Answer

A) 15,000 births. 
B) 100,000 births. 
C) 500,000 births. 
D) 1,000,000 births. 
A) 15,000 births. 
B) 100,000 births. 
C) 500,000 births. 
D) 1,000,000 births.

Question 7

When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a

Accepted Answer

A) dipeptide. 
B) diglyceride. 
C) polypeptide. 
D) disaccharide. 
A) dipeptide. 
B) diglyceride. 
C) polypeptide. 
D) disaccharide.

Question 8

Any of the following can be used by the body for the synthesis of a nonessential amino acid except

Accepted Answer

A) a fragment of fat. 
B) an essential mineral. 
C) an essential amino acid. 
D) a fragment of carbohydrate. 
A) a fragment of fat. 
B) an essential mineral. 
C) an essential amino acid. 
D) a fragment of carbohydrate.

Question 9

Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16 g of food nitrogen and lost 19 g of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) Equilibrium 
B) Positive balance 
C) Negative balance 
D) Exogenous balance 
A) Equilibrium 
B) Positive balance 
C) Negative balance 
D) Exogenous balance

Question 10

Acute protein-energy malnutrition in children is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A) hyperactivity. 
B) shrunken liver. 
C) low weight for height. 
D) short height for weight. 
A) hyperactivity. 
B) shrunken liver. 
C) low weight for height. 
D) short height for weight.

Question 11

What would be the primary principle of wise diet planning as related to protein nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A) Variety 
B) Moderation 
C) Nutrient density 
D) kCalorie control 
A) Variety 
B) Moderation 
C) Nutrient density 
D) kCalorie control

Question 12

What is the usual initial therapy for the treatment of kwashiorkor?

Accepted Answer

A) Fat replacement 
B) Energy replacement 
C) Protein replacement 
D) Fluid balance restoration 
A) Fat replacement 
B) Energy replacement 
C) Protein replacement 
D) Fluid balance restoration

Question 13

The weak electrical attractions within polypeptide chains account for the protein's

Accepted Answer

A) primary structure. 
B) secondary structure. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) quaternary structure. 
A) primary structure. 
B) secondary structure. 
C) tertiary structure. 
D) quaternary structure.

Question 14

Alberta is a 20 year old who has been a vegetarian for 3 years.She comes to you for advice after reading some material online by the Meat Promoters of America organization.One of their statements is: "...vegetarians are at risk for protein deficiency because they cannot consume all of the essential amino acids necessary for healthy individuals." How should Alberta be advised?

Accepted Answer

A) She should consume dairy and egg products at every meal to protect herself against protein deficiency 
B) She should avoid the "limiting" amino acids because they are limiting her ability to maintain proper protein status 
C) Because the statement is basically true, she should consider eating small quantities of meat every day in order to avoid protein deficiency 
D) Although many foods don't provide all the essential amino acids individually, she could consume complementary proteins throughout the day, which would provide all the essential amino acids she needs 
A) She should consume dairy and egg products at every meal to protect herself against protein deficiency 
B) She should avoid the "limiting" amino acids because they are limiting her ability to maintain proper protein status 
C) Because the statement is basically true, she should consider eating small quantities of meat every day in order to avoid protein deficiency 
D) Although many foods don't provide all the essential amino acids individually, she could consume complementary proteins throughout the day, which would provide all the essential amino acids she needs

Question 15

What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Methionine 
D) Tryptophan 
A) Glycine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Methionine 
D) Tryptophan

Question 16

Which of the following elements is found in certain amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A) Iron 
B) Sulfur 
C) Calcium 
D) Potassium 
A) Iron 
B) Sulfur 
C) Calcium 
D) Potassium

Question 17

What is the nitrogen balance of a person who consumed a 3500-kcalorie diet containing 10% protein and excreted a total of 12 grams of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 g 
B) -3 g 
C) -1 g 
D) +2 g 
A) 0 g 
B) -3 g 
C) -1 g 
D) +2 g

Question 18

At the end of your class presentation on "Protein-Energy Malnutrition," a student asks you to clarify how the rapid onset of protein-energy malnutrition occurs in kwashiorkor.How should you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the result of an inborn error of metabolism 
B) It is usually synchronized with the drought season in each respective country 
C) It is typically seen in patients who are 2-5 years old due to the sudden change in diet arising from their dislike for breast milk as they grow older 
D) It is typically seen in patients who are 1-3 years old due to the sudden change in diet arising from their being weaned from breast milk after the birth of a sibling 
A) It is the result of an inborn error of metabolism 
B) It is usually synchronized with the drought season in each respective country 
C) It is typically seen in patients who are 2-5 years old due to the sudden change in diet arising from their dislike for breast milk as they grow older 
D) It is typically seen in patients who are 1-3 years old due to the sudden change in diet arising from their being weaned from breast milk after the birth of a sibling

Question 19

What ratio (mg:g) of calcium to protein intake is believed to promote optimal bone health?

Accepted Answer

A) 2:1 
B) 9:1 
C) 20:1 
D) 45:1 
A) 2:1 
B) 9:1 
C) 20:1 
D) 45:1

Question 20

Which of the following is related to the quality of a food protein?

Accepted Answer

A) Essential amino acid balance 
B) Nonessential amino acid balance 
C) Total amino acids per gram of food 
D) Quantity of nonessential amino acids that can be converted to glucose 
A) Essential amino acid balance 
B) Nonessential amino acid balance 
C) Total amino acids per gram of food 
D) Quantity of nonessential amino acids that can be converted to glucose

Exam 6: Protein: Amino Acids

Which of the following defines protein turnover?

Which of the following is a feature of homocysteine?

Which of the following is a feature of hemoglobin?

Which of the following is a feature of malnutrition?

A common genetic variation which causes a change in the amino acid sequence in the structure of hemoglobin leads to the disease

The incidence of PKU in infants in the United States is one in every

When two amino acids are chemically joined together, the resulting structure is called a

Any of the following can be used by the body for the synthesis of a nonessential amino acid except

Which of the following would describe the state of nitrogen balance of a person who ingested 16 g of food nitrogen and lost 19 g of nitrogen?

Acute protein-energy malnutrition in children is characterized by

What would be the primary principle of wise diet planning as related to protein nutrition?

What is the usual initial therapy for the treatment of kwashiorkor?

The weak electrical attractions within polypeptide chains account for the protein's

What amino acid is used to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin and the vitamin niacin?

Which of the following elements is found in certain amino acids?

What is the nitrogen balance of a person who consumed a 3500-kcalorie diet containing 10% protein and excreted a total of 12 grams of nitrogen?

At the end of your class presentation on "Protein-Energy Malnutrition," a student asks you to clarify how the rapid onset of protein-energy malnutrition occurs in kwashiorkor.How should you respond?

What ratio (mg:g) of calcium to protein intake is believed to promote optimal bone health?

Which of the following is related to the quality of a food protein?

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

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