Question 1

A dispensable amino acid is one that

Accepted Answer

A) is not needed by the body. 
B) can be synthesized by the body. 
C) can be used to synthesize an indispensable amino acid. 
D) cannot be synthesized by the body because of a genetic defect. 
A) is not needed by the body. 
B) can be synthesized by the body. 
C) can be used to synthesize an indispensable amino acid. 
D) cannot be synthesized by the body because of a genetic defect.

Question 2

How many grams of nitrogen are contained in a 2500-kcalorie diet that provides 15% of the energy as protein?

Accepted Answer

A) 2.5 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15 
A) 2.5 
B) 5 
C) 10 
D) 15

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) It is not necessary in the diet 
B) It must be supplied by the diet 
C) It can be made from fat in the body 
D) It can be made from glucose in the body 
A) It is not necessary in the diet 
B) It must be supplied by the diet 
C) It can be made from fat in the body 
D) It can be made from glucose in the body

Question 4

What is the amino acid pool?

Accepted Answer

A) The total amino acid content derived from a 24-hour dietary intake 
B) A measure of the circulating essential amino acid levels available for protein synthesis 
C) The total amount of free amino acids in the circulation destined for deamination and excretion 
D) A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake 
A) The total amino acid content derived from a 24-hour dietary intake 
B) A measure of the circulating essential amino acid levels available for protein synthesis 
C) The total amount of free amino acids in the circulation destined for deamination and excretion 
D) A mix of essential and nonessential amino acids derived from protein breakdown and dietary protein intake

Question 5

Relative to animal proteins, which of the following amino acids is present in lesser amounts in proteins of legumes?

Accepted Answer

A) Alanine 
B) Isoleucine 
C) Tryptophan 
D) Glutamic acid 
A) Alanine 
B) Isoleucine 
C) Tryptophan 
D) Glutamic acid

Question 6

Marasmus occurs most commonly in children of ages

Accepted Answer

A) 1-5 months. 
B) 6-18 months. 
C) 1½-3 years. 
D) 4-10 years. 
A) 1-5 months. 
B) 6-18 months. 
C) 1½-3 years. 
D) 4-10 years.

Question 7

The disease phenylketonuria is related chiefly to abnormal metabolism of

Accepted Answer

A) lactose. 
B) omega-3 fats. 
C) soy polysaccharides. 
D) a certain amino acid. 
A) lactose. 
B) omega-3 fats. 
C) soy polysaccharides. 
D) a certain amino acid.

Question 8

What dispensable amino acid becomes essential in people with PKU?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Arginine 
D) Glutamine 
A) Glycine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Arginine 
D) Glutamine

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is associated with edema?

Accepted Answer

A) Excessive use of certain drugs, which causes high excretion of water and amino acids 
B) Above-normal concentration of blood proteins, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels 
C) Diminished concentration of blood proteins and hormones, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels 
D) Excessive protein in the diet leading to increased retention of fluid, especially in the extravascular spaces 
A) Excessive use of certain drugs, which causes high excretion of water and amino acids 
B) Above-normal concentration of blood proteins, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels 
C) Diminished concentration of blood proteins and hormones, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels 
D) Excessive protein in the diet leading to increased retention of fluid, especially in the extravascular spaces

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not characteristic of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) They are all catalysts 
B) They have a protein structure 
C) They can be destroyed by heat 
D) They are involved in synthesis reactions only 
A) They are all catalysts 
B) They have a protein structure 
C) They can be destroyed by heat 
D) They are involved in synthesis reactions only

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondria are bound to DNA to initiate peptide bond synthesis 
B) Messenger RNA is constructed from a DNA template to carry instructions 
C) Hormones carry messages from RNA to DNA to direct peptide bond synthesis 
D) RNA transfers up to 6 amino acids simultaneously to the mitochondria for peptide elongation 
A) Mitochondria are bound to DNA to initiate peptide bond synthesis 
B) Messenger RNA is constructed from a DNA template to carry instructions 
C) Hormones carry messages from RNA to DNA to direct peptide bond synthesis 
D) RNA transfers up to 6 amino acids simultaneously to the mitochondria for peptide elongation

Question 12

What is the simplest amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A) Valine 
B) Glycine 
C) Alanine 
D) Methionine 
A) Valine 
B) Glycine 
C) Alanine 
D) Methionine

Question 13

A prominent result of transamination reactions is the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A) essential amino acids. 
B) nonessential amino acids. 
C) neurotransmitters and hormones. 
D) both nonessential and essential amino acids. 
A) essential amino acids. 
B) nonessential amino acids. 
C) neurotransmitters and hormones. 
D) both nonessential and essential amino acids.

Question 14

What is the RDA for protein for a 48-kg woman?

Accepted Answer

A) 24 g 
B) 34 g 
C) 38 g 
D) 40 g 
A) 24 g 
B) 34 g 
C) 38 g 
D) 40 g

Question 15

What percentage of dietary protein is hydrolyzed in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 5-10 
C) 15-20 
D) 25-30 
A) 0 
B) 5-10 
C) 15-20 
D) 25-30

Question 16

What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine?

Accepted Answer

A) Cysteine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Glutamine 
D) Isoleucine 
A) Cysteine 
B) Tyrosine 
C) Glutamine 
D) Isoleucine

Question 17

What amino acid has been linked to the development of the rare blood disorder eosinophilia myalgia in people who took it as a supplement?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycine 
B) Arginine 
C) Tryptophan 
D) Phenylalanine 
A) Glycine 
B) Arginine 
C) Tryptophan 
D) Phenylalanine

Question 18

A reference protein equals or exceeds the essential amino acid requirements of all of the following population groups except

Accepted Answer

A) infants. 
B) preschool aged children. 
C) adolescents. 
D) elderly. 
A) infants. 
B) preschool aged children. 
C) adolescents. 
D) elderly.

Question 19

All of the following describe associations between protein nutrition and the body's water balance except

Accepted Answer

A) inadequate protein intake may lead to edema. 
B) insufficient protein synthesis by the liver may lead to edema. 
C) excessive protein losses by the kidney may lead to dehydration. 
D) excessive protein intake burdens the kidneys to excrete unused nitrogen. 
A) inadequate protein intake may lead to edema. 
B) insufficient protein synthesis by the liver may lead to edema. 
C) excessive protein losses by the kidney may lead to dehydration. 
D) excessive protein intake burdens the kidneys to excrete unused nitrogen.

Question 20

The body's amino acid pool consists of

Accepted Answer

A) essential amino acids only. 
B) endogenous amino acids only. 
C) nonessential amino acids only. 
D) both essential and nonessential amino acids. 
A) essential amino acids only. 
B) endogenous amino acids only. 
C) nonessential amino acids only. 
D) both essential and nonessential amino acids.

Exam 6: Protein: Amino Acids

A dispensable amino acid is one that

How many grams of nitrogen are contained in a 2500-kcalorie diet that provides 15% of the energy as protein?

Which of the following is a feature of an essential amino acid?

What is the amino acid pool?

Relative to animal proteins, which of the following amino acids is present in lesser amounts in proteins of legumes?

Marasmus occurs most commonly in children of ages

The disease phenylketonuria is related chiefly to abnormal metabolism of

What dispensable amino acid becomes essential in people with PKU?

Which of the following conditions is associated with edema?

Which of the following statements is not characteristic of enzymes?

Which of the following is a characteristic of protein synthesis?

What is the simplest amino acid?

A prominent result of transamination reactions is the synthesis of

What is the RDA for protein for a 48-kg woman?

What percentage of dietary protein is hydrolyzed in the mouth?

What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine?

What amino acid has been linked to the development of the rare blood disorder eosinophilia myalgia in people who took it as a supplement?

A reference protein equals or exceeds the essential amino acid requirements of all of the following population groups except

All of the following describe associations between protein nutrition and the body's water balance except

The body's amino acid pool consists of

An Overview of Nutrition

Planning a Healthy Diet

Digestion, Absorption, and Transport

The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches and Fibers

The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols

Metabolism: Transformations and Interactions

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight, Obesity, and Underweight

The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, and K

Water and the Major Minerals

The Trace Minerals

Life Cycle Nutrition: Pregnancy and Lactation

Life Cycle Nutrition: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Life Cycle Nutrition: Adulthood and the Later Years

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Products

Enteral Nutrition Support

Parenteral Nutrition Support

Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Liver Disease and Gallstones

Diabetes Mellitus

Cardiovascular Diseases

Kidney Diseases

Cancer and Hiv Infection

Filters