Question 1

Usually, action potentials in neurons begin at the

Accepted Answer

A)  Axon hillock 
B)  First node of Ranvier 
C)  Largest dendrite 
D)  Soma 
E)  Smallest dendrite 
A)  Axon hillock 
B)  First node of Ranvier 
C)  Largest dendrite 
D)  Soma 
E)  Smallest dendrite A

Question 2

W hich of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Making myelin 
B)  Taking up K+ from the ISF 
C)  Phagocytosing cellular debris 
D)  Helping to tighten endothelial cell junctions 
E)  Taking up neurotransmitters like GABA 
A)  Making myelin 
B)  Taking up K+ from the ISF 
C)  Phagocytosing cellular debris 
D)  Helping to tighten endothelial cell junctions 
E)  Taking up neurotransmitters like GABA A

Question 3

Fast axonal transport moves m aterials down the axon about

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 mm per day 
B)  1-2 mm/day 
C)  10-20 mm/day 
D)  200-400 mm/day 
E)  2-3 m/day 
A)  0.1 mm per day 
B)  1-2 mm/day 
C)  10-20 mm/day 
D)  200-400 mm/day 
E)  2-3 m/day D

Question 4

Slow axonal transport moves materials down the axon about

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 mm per day 
B)  1-2 mm/day 
C)  10-20 mm /day 
D)  200-400 mm /day 
E)  2-3 m/day 
A)  0.1 mm per day 
B)  1-2 mm/day 
C)  10-20 mm /day 
D)  200-400 mm /day 
E)  2-3 m/day

Question 5

Neuronal information comes to the neuron through

Accepted Answer

A)  Axo-dendritic synapses 
B)  Axo-somatic synapses 
C)  Axo-axonal synapses 
D)  Dendro-denritic synapses 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Axo-dendritic synapses 
B)  Axo-somatic synapses 
C)  Axo-axonal synapses 
D)  Dendro-denritic synapses 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

A major function of oligodendroglia cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Make myelin in the central nervous system 
B)  Make CSF 
C)  Form a scaffold for neuron organization 
D)  Phagocytose cellular debris 
E)  Take up K+ 
A)  Make myelin in the central nervous system 
B)  Make CSF 
C)  Form a scaffold for neuron organization 
D)  Phagocytose cellular debris 
E)  Take up K+

Question 7

W hich of the following is characteristic of small synaptic vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain neurotransmitters made only in the soma. 
B)  Their contents show as a dense core in electron micrographs. 
C)  They are about 100-300 nm in diameter. 
D)  They fuse with the presynaptic membrane less than 1 ms after an action potential. 
E)  They are generally more than 50 nm away from a Ca2+ channel. 
A)  They contain neurotransmitters made only in the soma. 
B)  Their contents show as a dense core in electron micrographs. 
C)  They are about 100-300 nm in diameter. 
D)  They fuse with the presynaptic membrane less than 1 ms after an action potential. 
E)  They are generally more than 50 nm away from a Ca2+ channel.

Question 8

Axonal transport of synaptic vesicles involves

Accepted Answer

A)  Vesicles bound to interm ediate filaments 
B)  Vesicles moving along microtubule tracks 
C)  Vesicles moving by bulk flow of axoplasm 
D)  Passive transport mechanisms 
E)  Magic 
A)  Vesicles bound to interm ediate filaments 
B)  Vesicles moving along microtubule tracks 
C)  Vesicles moving by bulk flow of axoplasm 
D)  Passive transport mechanisms 
E)  Magic

Question 9

W hich of the following is characteristic of large dense core synaptic vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain neurotransmitters m ade at the nerve terminal. 
B)  Their contents are clear in electron micrographs 
C)  They are about 50 nm in diameter 
D)  They fuse with the presynaptic membrane less than 1 ms after an action potential 
E)  They are generally more than 300 nm away from a Ca2+ channel 
A)  They contain neurotransmitters m ade at the nerve terminal. 
B)  Their contents are clear in electron micrographs 
C)  They are about 50 nm in diameter 
D)  They fuse with the presynaptic membrane less than 1 ms after an action potential 
E)  They are generally more than 300 nm away from a Ca2+ channel

Question 10

Fusion of small synaptic vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane requires

Accepted Answer

A)  tubulin 
B)  kinesin 
C)  clathrin 
D)  dynamin 
E)  Ca2+ 
A)  tubulin 
B)  kinesin 
C)  clathrin 
D)  dynamin 
E)  Ca2+

Question 11

Fusion of synaptic vesicles is stopped by

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction in [Ca2+] within the nerve terminus 
B)  Depletion of the pool of readily releasable neurotransmitter 
C)  Recycling of synaptic vesicles 
D)  Ca2+ binding to synaptotagm in 
E)  Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels 
A)  Reduction in [Ca2+] within the nerve terminus 
B)  Depletion of the pool of readily releasable neurotransmitter 
C)  Recycling of synaptic vesicles 
D)  Ca2+ binding to synaptotagm in 
E)  Ca2+ entry through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels

Question 12

Gaps in the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Schwann cells 
B)  Clefts of Lenterman 
C)  Nodes of Ranvier 
D)  Saltatory junctions 
E)  Connexons 
A)  Schwann cells 
B)  Clefts of Lenterman 
C)  Nodes of Ranvier 
D)  Saltatory junctions 
E)  Connexons

Question 13

Norepinephrine is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)  Tryptophan 
B)  AMPA 
C)  NMDA 
D)  GABA 
E)  Tyrosine 
A)  Tryptophan 
B)  AMPA 
C)  NMDA 
D)  GABA 
E)  Tyrosine

Question 14

The cell type that makes myelin in the central nervous system is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Astrocyte 
B)  Oligodendroglia 
C)  Ependym al cell 
D)  Schwann cell 
E)  Microglial cell 
A)  Astrocyte 
B)  Oligodendroglia 
C)  Ependym al cell 
D)  Schwann cell 
E)  Microglial cell

Question 15

An example of an ionotropic receptor is the

Accepted Answer

A)  M1 cholinergic receptor 
B)  D1 dopaminergic receptor 
C)  M2 cholinergic receptor 
D)  Nicotinic cholinergic receptor 
E)  Both A and C 
A)  M1 cholinergic receptor 
B)  D1 dopaminergic receptor 
C)  M2 cholinergic receptor 
D)  Nicotinic cholinergic receptor 
E)  Both A and C

Exam 26: Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Usually, action potentials in neurons begin at the

W hich of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes?

Fast axonal transport moves m aterials down the axon about

Slow axonal transport moves materials down the axon about

Neuronal information comes to the neuron through

A major function of oligodendroglia cells is to

W hich of the following is characteristic of small synaptic vesicles?

Axonal transport of synaptic vesicles involves

W hich of the following is characteristic of large dense core synaptic vesicles?

Fusion of small synaptic vesicles with the pre-synaptic membrane requires

Fusion of synaptic vesicles is stopped by

Gaps in the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system are called

Norepinephrine is synthesized from

The cell type that makes myelin in the central nervous system is the

An example of an ionotropic receptor is the

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas

The Adrenal Cortex