Question 1

Primary hypoadrenalism is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing’s syndrome 
B)  Cushing’s disease 
C)  Grave’s disease 
D)  Cretinism 
E)  Addison’s disease 
A)  Cushing’s syndrome 
B)  Cushing’s disease 
C)  Grave’s disease 
D)  Cretinism 
E)  Addison’s disease E

Question 2

The main effect of aldosterone is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Raise blood pressure 
B)  Increase Na+ reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Release ADH from the posterior pituitary 
D)  Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the distal tubule 
E)  Hide among the other hormones with a silly red and white striped hat 
A)  Raise blood pressure 
B)  Increase Na+ reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Release ADH from the posterior pituitary 
D)  Increase Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the distal tubule 
E)  Hide among the other hormones with a silly red and white striped hat D

Question 3

Activation of the RAA system begins with

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction in extracellular volume 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Plasma hyperosmolarity 
D)  Increased liver protein synthesis 
E)  Increased plasma [NaCl]. 
A)  Reduction in extracellular volume 
B)  Hypertension 
C)  Plasma hyperosmolarity 
D)  Increased liver protein synthesis 
E)  Increased plasma [NaCl]. A

Question 4

Glucocorticoids are produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland 
B)  Zona fasiculata of the adrenal gland 
C)  Zona reticularis of the adrenal gland 
D)  Zona plicata of the adrenal gland 
E)  Adrenal medulla 
A)  Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland 
B)  Zona fasiculata of the adrenal gland 
C)  Zona reticularis of the adrenal gland 
D)  Zona plicata of the adrenal gland 
E)  Adrenal medulla

Question 5

The adrenal medulla secretes

Accepted Answer

A)  Cortisol 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Androgens 
D)  Estrogens 
E)  Epinephrine and norepinephrine 
A)  Cortisol 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Androgens 
D)  Estrogens 
E)  Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

CRH is made in cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Placenta 
E)  Ovary 
A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus 
C)  Posterior pituitary 
D)  Placenta 
E)  Ovary

Question 7

ACTH in corticotrophs is derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) 
B)  $\beta$ lipotropin 
C)  Melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) 
D)  $\beta$ endorphin 
E)  CRH 
A)  POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) 
B)  $\beta$ lipotropin 
C)  Melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH) 
D)  $\beta$ endorphin 
E)  CRH

Question 8

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated most strongly by

Accepted Answer

A)  Angiotensin II and elevated plasm a [K+] 
B)  ADH and hypovolem ia 
C)  Angiotensin II and renal sympathetic nervous stimulation 
D)  Renin and ADH 
E)  Renin and elevated plasm a [K+] 
A)  Angiotensin II and elevated plasm a [K+] 
B)  ADH and hypovolem ia 
C)  Angiotensin II and renal sympathetic nervous stimulation 
D)  Renin and ADH 
E)  Renin and elevated plasm a [K+]

Question 9

All of the steroid hormones derive from

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholic acid 
B)  Deoxycholic acid 
C)  Lithocholic acid 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  Cortisol 
A)  Cholic acid 
B)  Deoxycholic acid 
C)  Lithocholic acid 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  Cortisol

Question 10

CRH directly stimulates

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH secretion by activating a Gs -coupled receptor on corticotropes 
B)  TSH secretions by activating a Gq - coupled receptor on thyrotropes 
C)  GH secretion by activating a Gs-coupled receptor on somatotropes 
D)  Cortisol secretion 
E)  Aldosterone secretion 
A)  ACTH secretion by activating a Gs -coupled receptor on corticotropes 
B)  TSH secretions by activating a Gq - coupled receptor on thyrotropes 
C)  GH secretion by activating a Gs-coupled receptor on somatotropes 
D)  Cortisol secretion 
E)  Aldosterone secretion

Question 11

Glucocorticoids

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase plasma glucose partly by activating liver glycogenolysis 
B)  Increase plasma glucose partly by increasing liver gluconeogenesis 
C)  Increase plasma glucose partly by increasing intestinal glucose absorption 
D)  Decrease plasma glucose partly by activating liver glycogenesis 
E)  Decrease plasma glucose partly by inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis 
A)  Increase plasma glucose partly by activating liver glycogenolysis 
B)  Increase plasma glucose partly by increasing liver gluconeogenesis 
C)  Increase plasma glucose partly by increasing intestinal glucose absorption 
D)  Decrease plasma glucose partly by activating liver glycogenesis 
E)  Decrease plasma glucose partly by inhibiting liver gluconeogenesis

Question 12

One of the main effects of ACTH in adrenocortical cells is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase conversion of cholesterol to cholic acid 
B)  Increase lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins 
C)  Increase activity of phosphofructokinase 
D)  Increase activity of StAR 
E)  Increase conversion of glucocorticoids to androgens 
A)  Increase conversion of cholesterol to cholic acid 
B)  Increase lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins 
C)  Increase activity of phosphofructokinase 
D)  Increase activity of StAR 
E)  Increase conversion of glucocorticoids to androgens

Question 13

In primary hypoadrenalism, you would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased circulating ACTH 
B)  Decreased CRH 
C)  Increased skin pigmentation due to excess CRH 
D)  Increased skin pigmentation due to excess MSH as a by-product of ACTH secretion 
E)  Normal levels of aldosterone 
A)  Decreased circulating ACTH 
B)  Decreased CRH 
C)  Increased skin pigmentation due to excess CRH 
D)  Increased skin pigmentation due to excess MSH as a by-product of ACTH secretion 
E)  Normal levels of aldosterone

Question 14

Secretions of the zona fasiculata are controlled mainly by

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Plasma [K+] 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ACTH 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Plasma [K+] 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 15

Secretions of the zona glomerulosa are increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Increased plasma [K+] 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  ACTH 
B)  Angiotensin II 
C)  Increased plasma [K+] 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflamm atory effects by

Accepted Answer

A)  Interfering with NF-kB stimulation of the formation of inflammatory cytokines 
B)  Blocking the action of TNF-$\alpha$ action 
C)  Blocking the action of IL-8 
D)  Blocking the action of IL-6 
E)  Binding to HSP90 
A)  Interfering with NF-kB stimulation of the formation of inflammatory cytokines 
B)  Blocking the action of TNF-$\alpha$ action 
C)  Blocking the action of IL-8 
D)  Blocking the action of IL-6 
E)  Binding to HSP90

Question 17

Aldosterone m ainly

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the distal tubule permeability to K+ 
B)  Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by principal cells of the distal tubule 
C)  Increases K+ reabsorption and Na+ secretion by principal cells of the distal tubule 
D)  Increases Na+ and HCO3-
reabsorption by the proxim al tubule 
E)  Causes vasoconstriction 
A)  Increases the distal tubule permeability to K+ 
B)  Increases Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion by principal cells of the distal tubule 
C)  Increases K+ reabsorption and Na+ secretion by principal cells of the distal tubule 
D)  Increases Na+ and HCO3-
reabsorption by the proxim al tubule 
E)  Causes vasoconstriction

Question 18

ACTH is

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenocorticotrophic hormone 
B)  Actin complex trimerization hormone 
C)  Activin complex trophic hormone 
D)  Activin-complement transforming hormone 
E)  Alpha co-repressor transcription hormone 
A)  Adrenocorticotrophic hormone 
B)  Actin complex trimerization hormone 
C)  Activin complex trophic hormone 
D)  Activin-complement transforming hormone 
E)  Alpha co-repressor transcription hormone

Question 19

The “RAA” system refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  The renin-angiotensin-ADH system 
B)  The renal aldosterone action system 
C)  The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
D)  The renal-ADH-activation system 
E)  The renin-activation-of-angiotensin system 
A)  The renin-angiotensin-ADH system 
B)  The renal aldosterone action system 
C)  The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
D)  The renal-ADH-activation system 
E)  The renin-activation-of-angiotensin system

Question 20

Anti-inflamm atory actions of glucocorticoids include:

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Inhibition of NF- kB activation 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Gluconeogenesis 
C)  Inhibition of NF- kB activation 
D)  All of the above 
E)  None of the above

Exam 65: The Adrenal Cortex

Primary hypoadrenalism is called

The main effect of aldosterone is to

Activation of the RAA system begins with

Glucocorticoids are produced in the

The adrenal medulla secretes

CRH is made in cells in the

ACTH in corticotrophs is derived from

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated most strongly by

All of the steroid hormones derive from

CRH directly stimulates

Glucocorticoids

One of the main effects of ACTH in adrenocortical cells is to

In primary hypoadrenalism, you would expect

Secretions of the zona fasiculata are controlled mainly by

Secretions of the zona glomerulosa are increased by

Glucocorticoids exert anti-inflamm atory effects by

Aldosterone m ainly

ACTH is

The “RAA” system refers to

Anti-inflamm atory actions of glucocorticoids include:

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients