Question 1

The largest sink for phosphorus leaving the body is

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin exfoliation 
B)  Feces 
C)  Sweat 
D)  Urine 
E)  Accretion onto bone 
A)  Skin exfoliation 
B)  Feces 
C)  Sweat 
D)  Urine 
E)  Accretion onto bone D

Question 2

PTH is a

Accepted Answer

A)  Single chain peptide hormone 84 amino acids long 
B)  Glycopeptide 
C)  Complex of two peptides, an A and a B chain, linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Modified am ino acid 
E)  Steroid hormone 
A)  Single chain peptide hormone 84 amino acids long 
B)  Glycopeptide 
C)  Complex of two peptides, an A and a B chain, linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Modified am ino acid 
E)  Steroid hormone A

Question 3

Positive calcium balance means

Accepted Answer

A)  Your bones are healthy 
B)  You are increasing Ca stores daily 
C)  Urinary Ca excretion is low 
D)  You do not have kidney stones 
E)  You have enough vitamin D 
A)  Your bones are healthy 
B)  You are increasing Ca stores daily 
C)  Urinary Ca excretion is low 
D)  You do not have kidney stones 
E)  You have enough vitamin D B

Question 4

Control of vitamin D activation is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH control of the liver 25 hydroxylase 
B)  PTH control of the liver 1 hydroxylase 
C)  PTH control of the kidney 25 hydroxylase 
D)  PTH control of the kidney 1 hydroxylase 
E)  Feedback inhibition of the liver 1 hydroxylase by vitamin D 
A)  PTH control of the liver 25 hydroxylase 
B)  PTH control of the liver 1 hydroxylase 
C)  PTH control of the kidney 25 hydroxylase 
D)  PTH control of the kidney 1 hydroxylase 
E)  Feedback inhibition of the liver 1 hydroxylase by vitamin D

Question 5

Calcitonin is secreted as a

Accepted Answer

A)  Single chain peptide hormone 32 amino acids long 
B)  Glycopeptide 
C)  Complex of two peptides, an A and a B chain, linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Modified am ino acid 
E)  Steroid hormone 
A)  Single chain peptide hormone 32 amino acids long 
B)  Glycopeptide 
C)  Complex of two peptides, an A and a B chain, linked by disulfide bonds 
D)  Modified am ino acid 
E)  Steroid hormone

Question 6

The precursor for vitamin D in the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Tachysterol 
B)  7-dehydro cholesterol 
C)  Pregnenolone 
D)  Lanosterol 
E)  Cholecalciferol 
A)  Tachysterol 
B)  7-dehydro cholesterol 
C)  Pregnenolone 
D)  Lanosterol 
E)  Cholecalciferol

Question 7

Negative calcium balance means

Accepted Answer

A)  Your bones are not healthy 
B)  You do not have enough vitamin D 
C)  Urinary Ca excretion is high 
D)  You have kidney stones 
E)  You are decreasing Ca stores daily 
A)  Your bones are not healthy 
B)  You do not have enough vitamin D 
C)  Urinary Ca excretion is high 
D)  You have kidney stones 
E)  You are decreasing Ca stores daily

Question 8

The largest pool of calcium in the body is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma 
B)  Interstitial fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Extracellular fluid 
E)  Bone 
A)  Plasma 
B)  Interstitial fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Extracellular fluid 
E)  Bone

Question 9

The stimuli for calcitonin secretion include

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypercalcem ia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  GI hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin 
D)  Hyperphosphatem ia 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Hypercalcem ia 
B)  Hypocalcemia 
C)  GI hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin 
D)  Hyperphosphatem ia 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 10

PTH originates from

Accepted Answer

A)  Four small glands embedded in the thyroid gland 
B)  Cells surrounding the thyroid follicles 
C)  Pa rathyro id glan ds loc ated at the to p of th e ch est c avity 
D)  Cells located in the parathalamus of the hypothalamus 
E)  Patches of endocrine tissue located in the gut 
A)  Four small glands embedded in the thyroid gland 
B)  Cells surrounding the thyroid follicles 
C)  Pa rathyro id glan ds loc ated at the to p of th e ch est c avity 
D)  Cells located in the parathalamus of the hypothalamus 
E)  Patches of endocrine tissue located in the gut

Question 11

Calcitonin is secreted by

Accepted Answer

A)  Four small glands embedded in the thyroid gland 
B)  Parafollicular cells in between the thyroid follicles 
C)  Glands located at the top of the chest cavity 
D)  Osteoblasts 
E)  Patches of endocrine tissue located in the gut 
A)  Four small glands embedded in the thyroid gland 
B)  Parafollicular cells in between the thyroid follicles 
C)  Glands located at the top of the chest cavity 
D)  Osteoblasts 
E)  Patches of endocrine tissue located in the gut

Question 12

PTH

Accepted Answer

A)  Directly increases Ca absorption from the intestine 
B)  Raises blood Ca and increases urinary P excretion 
C)  Stimulates kidney 24 hydroxylation of vitamin D 
D)  Secretion increases with increases in plasma [Ca] 
E)  Is secreted by C cells of the thyroid gland 
A)  Directly increases Ca absorption from the intestine 
B)  Raises blood Ca and increases urinary P excretion 
C)  Stimulates kidney 24 hydroxylation of vitamin D 
D)  Secretion increases with increases in plasma [Ca] 
E)  Is secreted by C cells of the thyroid gland

Question 13

For a person in net calcium balance

Accepted Answer

A)  The amount of Ca ingested in the diet is 800 mg /day 
B)  The amount of Ca ingested in the diet is 1500 mg/day 
C)  The amount of Ca lost from the body is 800 mg/day 
D)  The daily loss of Ca equals the daily gain of Ca 
E)  Total plasma Ca is maintained at 1.2 mM 
A)  The amount of Ca ingested in the diet is 800 mg /day 
B)  The amount of Ca ingested in the diet is 1500 mg/day 
C)  The amount of Ca lost from the body is 800 mg/day 
D)  The daily loss of Ca equals the daily gain of Ca 
E)  Total plasma Ca is maintained at 1.2 mM

Question 14

The major store of phosphorus in the body is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma 
B)  Interstitial fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Extracellular fluid 
E)  Bone 
A)  Plasma 
B)  Interstitial fluid 
C)  Intracellular fluid 
D)  Extracellular fluid 
E)  Bone

Question 15

Hypocalcemia can cause

Accepted Answer

A)  Sluggish central nervous system responses 
B)  Pain 
C)  Hypocalcemic tetany 
D)  Ectopic calcification 
E)  Heart arrhythmias 
A)  Sluggish central nervous system responses 
B)  Pain 
C)  Hypocalcemic tetany 
D)  Ectopic calcification 
E)  Heart arrhythmias

Question 16

The major circulating form of vitam in D is

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholecalciferol 
B)  Ergocalciferol 
C)  25 hydroxy cholecalciferol 
D)  1, 25 dihydoxy cholecalciferol 
E)  1 hydroxy cholecalciferol 
A)  Cholecalciferol 
B)  Ergocalciferol 
C)  25 hydroxy cholecalciferol 
D)  1, 25 dihydoxy cholecalciferol 
E)  1 hydroxy cholecalciferol

Question 17

Normal plasma total calcium concentration is regulated at a value around

Accepted Answer

A)  1.2 mM 
B)  10 mg% 
C)  5 mg% 
D)  0.8 mg% 
E)  4 g% 
A)  1.2 mM 
B)  10 mg% 
C)  5 mg% 
D)  0.8 mg% 
E)  4 g%

Question 18

Calcium in plasma is bound to plasma proteins by

Accepted Answer

A)  Complexing with hydroxyl groups on the proteins 
B)  Complexing with amino groups on the proteins 
C)  Electrostatic attraction to amino groups on the proteins 
D)  Complexing with carboxyl groups on the proteins 
E)  Complexing with the peptide bond backbone of the proteins 
A)  Complexing with hydroxyl groups on the proteins 
B)  Complexing with amino groups on the proteins 
C)  Electrostatic attraction to amino groups on the proteins 
D)  Complexing with carboxyl groups on the proteins 
E)  Complexing with the peptide bond backbone of the proteins

Question 19

The major action of calcitonin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase Ca and Phosphate reabsorption from the kidney lumen 
B)  Increase osteoblast recruitment of osteoclasts 
C)  Decrease bone resorption by osteoclasts 
D)  Increases osteocytic osteolysis 
E)  Do nothin; there are no deficiency or excess diseases for calcitonin 
A)  Increase Ca and Phosphate reabsorption from the kidney lumen 
B)  Increase osteoblast recruitment of osteoclasts 
C)  Decrease bone resorption by osteoclasts 
D)  Increases osteocytic osteolysis 
E)  Do nothin; there are no deficiency or excess diseases for calcitonin

Question 20

The signal for increased PTH secretion is

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperphosphatem ia 
B)  Hyperphosphaturia 
C)  Increased vitamin D 
D)  Hypocalcemia 
E)  Hypercalcem ia 
A)  Hyperphosphatem ia 
B)  Hyperphosphaturia 
C)  Increased vitamin D 
D)  Hypocalcemia 
E)  Hypercalcem ia

Exam 67: The Calcitropic Hormones

The largest sink for phosphorus leaving the body is

PTH is a

Positive calcium balance means

Control of vitamin D activation is accomplished by

Calcitonin is secreted as a

The precursor for vitamin D in the skin is

Negative calcium balance means

The largest pool of calcium in the body is found in the

The stimuli for calcitonin secretion include

PTH originates from

Calcitonin is secreted by

PTH

For a person in net calcium balance

The major store of phosphorus in the body is in the

Hypocalcemia can cause

The major circulating form of vitam in D is

Normal plasma total calcium concentration is regulated at a value around

Calcium in plasma is bound to plasma proteins by

The major action of calcitonin is

The signal for increased PTH secretion is

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients