Question 1

The baroreceptor afferents converge onto cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) in the medulla 
B)  Nucleus ambiguus in the medulla 
C)  RVLM (rostral ventrolateral medulla) 
D)  CVLM (caudal ventrolateral medulla) 
E)  Sym pathetic ganglia 
A)  NTS (nucleus tractus solitarius) in the medulla 
B)  Nucleus ambiguus in the medulla 
C)  RVLM (rostral ventrolateral medulla) 
D)  CVLM (caudal ventrolateral medulla) 
E)  Sym pathetic ganglia A

Question 2

Increasing blood volume

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases PMS 
B)  Shifts the cardiac function curve upward 
C)  Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise 
D)  Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise 
E)  Decreases the slope of the vascular function curve 
A)  Increases PMS 
B)  Shifts the cardiac function curve upward 
C)  Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise 
D)  Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise 
E)  Decreases the slope of the vascular function curve A

Question 3

The fastest response of the heart to a drop in blood pressure is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Withdrawal of parasympathetic tone 
B)  Acceleration due to sympathetic discharge 
C)  Intrinsic response of the heart to decreased ventricular filling 
D)  Intrinsic response of the heart to increased ventricular filling 
E)  Withdrawal of sympathetic tone 
A)  Withdrawal of parasympathetic tone 
B)  Acceleration due to sympathetic discharge 
C)  Intrinsic response of the heart to decreased ventricular filling 
D)  Intrinsic response of the heart to increased ventricular filling 
E)  Withdrawal of sympathetic tone A

Question 4

The baroreceptors are

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensors for blood gasses located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch 
B)  Sensors for blood pressure located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch 
C)  Receptors for sympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node 
D)  Receptors for parasympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node 
E)  Sensors for atrial stretch in the atrial wall 
A)  Sensors for blood gasses located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch 
B)  Sensors for blood pressure located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch 
C)  Receptors for sympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node 
D)  Receptors for parasympathetic nerve transmitters near the SA node 
E)  Sensors for atrial stretch in the atrial wall

Question 5

Decreasing blood volume

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases PMS 
B)  Shifts the cardiac function curve upward 
C)  Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise 
D)  Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise 
E)  Decrease the slope of the vascular function curve 
A)  Decreases PMS 
B)  Shifts the cardiac function curve upward 
C)  Rotates the cardiac function curve counterclockwise 
D)  Rotates the cardiac function curve clockwise 
E)  Decrease the slope of the vascular function curve

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sympathetic stimulation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Venoconstriction 
B)  Vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased cardiac contractility 
D)  Increased slope of the vascular function curve 
E)  Shift of fluid from ISF to blood 
A)  Venoconstriction 
B)  Vasoconstriction 
C)  Increased cardiac contractility 
D)  Increased slope of the vascular function curve 
E)  Shift of fluid from ISF to blood

Question 7

Afferent fibers from the baroreceptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Input directly to cells in the nucleus ambiguus 
B)  Connect directly to cells in the rostral ventrolateral m edulla 
C)  Connect directly to cells in the caudal ventrolateral medulla 
D)  Connect directly to SA nodal cells 
E)  Connect directly to cells in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius 
A)  Input directly to cells in the nucleus ambiguus 
B)  Connect directly to cells in the rostral ventrolateral m edulla 
C)  Connect directly to cells in the caudal ventrolateral medulla 
D)  Connect directly to SA nodal cells 
E)  Connect directly to cells in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius

Question 8

Inspiration generally

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases the heart rate 
B)  Increases intrathoracic pressure 
C)  Decreases venous return 
D)  Increases right atria pressure 
E)  Has no effect on the cardiovascular system 
A)  Increases the heart rate 
B)  Increases intrathoracic pressure 
C)  Decreases venous return 
D)  Increases right atria pressure 
E)  Has no effect on the cardiovascular system

Question 9

Baroreceptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Fire at a constant rate that depends on the average blood pressure 
B)  Input into the vasomotor center located in the pons 
C)  Have a biphasic response to pressure, firing most frequently at the average pressure 
D)  Have inputs carried by the spinal accessory nerve 
E)  Fire only during systole at rates that depend on the magnitude of the pressure 
A)  Fire at a constant rate that depends on the average blood pressure 
B)  Input into the vasomotor center located in the pons 
C)  Have a biphasic response to pressure, firing most frequently at the average pressure 
D)  Have inputs carried by the spinal accessory nerve 
E)  Fire only during systole at rates that depend on the magnitude of the pressure

Question 10

When you stand up suddenly, what happens initially to the blood pressure at the carotid sinus, prior to any compensation?

Accepted Answer

A)  It decreases by approximately Dgh where h is the distance between aorta and carotid sinus 
B)  Nothing happens to it because the carotid sinus is at the center of gravity of the circulatory system 
C)  Nothing happens to it because the heart rate increases to adjust the pressure 
D)  Nothing happens to it because the heart rate decreases to adjust the pressure 
E)  Nothing happens to it because the stroke volume increases to adjust the pressure 
A)  It decreases by approximately Dgh where h is the distance between aorta and carotid sinus 
B)  Nothing happens to it because the carotid sinus is at the center of gravity of the circulatory system 
C)  Nothing happens to it because the heart rate increases to adjust the pressure 
D)  Nothing happens to it because the heart rate decreases to adjust the pressure 
E)  Nothing happens to it because the stroke volume increases to adjust the pressure

Question 11

Bradycardia

Accepted Answer

A)  Is a slowing of the heart rate, generally caused by parasympathetic stimulation 
B)  Is a slowing of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of sympathetic tone 
C)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of parasympathetic tone 
D)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by sympathetic stimulation 
E)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate usually caused by intrinsic mechanisms 
A)  Is a slowing of the heart rate, generally caused by parasympathetic stimulation 
B)  Is a slowing of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of sympathetic tone 
C)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by removal of parasympathetic tone 
D)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate, usually caused by sympathetic stimulation 
E)  Is an acceleration of the heart rate usually caused by intrinsic mechanisms

Question 12

A “shift of the renal curve to the right” means

Accepted Answer

A)  More pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine 
B)  More fluid is excreted at a given pressure 
C)  Less fluid is excreted at a given pressure 
D)  Less pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  More pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine 
B)  More fluid is excreted at a given pressure 
C)  Less fluid is excreted at a given pressure 
D)  Less pressure is required to excrete a given volume of urine 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 13

Increased heart rate reflexly caused by decreased blood pressure is mainly due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the left heart 
B)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the right heart 
C)  Parasympathetic withdrawal of the left heart 
D)  Parasympathetic withdrawal of the right heart 
E)  Decreased sym pathetic stimulation of the right heart 
A)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the left heart 
B)  Parasympathetic stimulation of the right heart 
C)  Parasympathetic withdrawal of the left heart 
D)  Parasympathetic withdrawal of the right heart 
E)  Decreased sym pathetic stimulation of the right heart

Question 14

The arterial pressure is higher than the venous pressure because

Accepted Answer

A)  The arterial compliance is less than the venous compliance 
B)  The heart pumps blood from the low pressure to high pressure side, making the pressure 
C)  There is more blood in the venous side 
D)  The arteries constrict more 
E)  Flow occurs from high to low pressure 
A)  The arterial compliance is less than the venous compliance 
B)  The heart pumps blood from the low pressure to high pressure side, making the pressure 
C)  There is more blood in the venous side 
D)  The arteries constrict more 
E)  Flow occurs from high to low pressure

Question 15

The baroreceptors are best described as

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensors for the arterial pressure leading to the head 
B)  Sensors for the stretch of the venous reservoir 
C)  Regulators of cranial perfusion 
D)  Sensors of central nervous system hypoxia 
E)  Sensors of pulmonary oxygenation 
A)  Sensors for the arterial pressure leading to the head 
B)  Sensors for the stretch of the venous reservoir 
C)  Regulators of cranial perfusion 
D)  Sensors of central nervous system hypoxia 
E)  Sensors of pulmonary oxygenation

Question 16

Diuretics

Accepted Answer

A)  Shift the renal function curve to the right 
B)  Increase the pressure required to produce a given volume of urine 
C)  Increase the ECF volume 
D)  Increase the right atrial pressure 
E)  Shift the renal function curve to the left 
A)  Shift the renal function curve to the right 
B)  Increase the pressure required to produce a given volume of urine 
C)  Increase the ECF volume 
D)  Increase the right atrial pressure 
E)  Shift the renal function curve to the left

Question 17

Antidiuretic hormone secretion is directly stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased distal tubule [Na+] 
B)  Decreased distal tubule [Na+] 
C)  Hypovolem ia 
D)  Decreased plasma osmolarity 
E)  Hypoalbum inemia 
A)  Increased distal tubule [Na+] 
B)  Decreased distal tubule [Na+] 
C)  Hypovolem ia 
D)  Decreased plasma osmolarity 
E)  Hypoalbum inemia

Question 18

Respiratory sinus arrhythm ia refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  P waves occasionally occur without QRS complexes during inspiration 
B)  Elongated PR segments on the ECG during inspiration 
C)  P waves unrelated to QRS com plexes during inspiration 
D)  Variation in the heart rate with respiratory rhythm 
E)  Acceleration of the heart rate during breath holding 
A)  P waves occasionally occur without QRS complexes during inspiration 
B)  Elongated PR segments on the ECG during inspiration 
C)  P waves unrelated to QRS com plexes during inspiration 
D)  Variation in the heart rate with respiratory rhythm 
E)  Acceleration of the heart rate during breath holding

Question 19

Increasing the firing rate of the baroreceptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Activates sympathetic output to the heart 
B)  Activates parasympathetic output to the heart 
C)  Inhibits parasympathetic output to the heart 
D)  Causes a reflex tachycardia 
E)  Causes venoconstriction 
A)  Activates sympathetic output to the heart 
B)  Activates parasympathetic output to the heart 
C)  Inhibits parasympathetic output to the heart 
D)  Causes a reflex tachycardia 
E)  Causes venoconstriction

Question 20

Vasoconstriction

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreases the slope of the vascular function curve 
B)  Increases the slope of the vascular function curve 
C)  Shifts fluid from the ISF to the blood 
D)  Shifts fluid from the blood to the ISF 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Decreases the slope of the vascular function curve 
B)  Increases the slope of the vascular function curve 
C)  Shifts fluid from the ISF to the blood 
D)  Shifts fluid from the blood to the ISF 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Exam 44: Regulation of Arterial Pressure

The baroreceptor afferents converge onto cells in the

Increasing blood volume

The fastest response of the heart to a drop in blood pressure is due to

The baroreceptors are

Decreasing blood volume

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of sympathetic stimulation?

Afferent fibers from the baroreceptors

Inspiration generally

Baroreceptors

When you stand up suddenly, what happens initially to the blood pressure at the carotid sinus, prior to any compensation?

Bradycardia

A “shift of the renal curve to the right” means

Increased heart rate reflexly caused by decreased blood pressure is mainly due to

The arterial pressure is higher than the venous pressure because

The baroreceptors are best described as

Diuretics

Antidiuretic hormone secretion is directly stimulated by

Respiratory sinus arrhythm ia refers to

Increasing the firing rate of the baroreceptors

Vasoconstriction

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake