Question 1

Hypersecretion of acid could be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Tumors that secrete gastrin 
B)  Defective histamine receptors 
C)  Hypersecretion of SST 
D)  Atropine 
E)  Hypersecretion of CCK 
A)  Tumors that secrete gastrin 
B)  Defective histamine receptors 
C)  Hypersecretion of SST 
D)  Atropine 
E)  Hypersecretion of CCK A

Question 2

Chyme is

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomach contents 
B)  The duodenal contents 
C)  A finely dispersed suspension of food particles and GI secretions 
D)  The mixture of food and bile 
E)  The mixture of food, bile and pancreatic secretions 
A)  The stomach contents 
B)  The duodenal contents 
C)  A finely dispersed suspension of food particles and GI secretions 
D)  The mixture of food and bile 
E)  The mixture of food, bile and pancreatic secretions C

Question 3

The main inhibitor of acid secretion is

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  SST 
C)  Histamine 
D)  GRP 
E)  Secretin 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  SST 
C)  Histamine 
D)  GRP 
E)  Secretin B

Question 4

Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch

Accepted Answer

A)  Is mediated by a vago-vagal reflex 
B)  Is called receptive relaxation 
C)  Is called gastric accomm odation 
D)  Is part of the swallowing program 
E)  A and C are correct 
A)  Is mediated by a vago-vagal reflex 
B)  Is called receptive relaxation 
C)  Is called gastric accomm odation 
D)  Is part of the swallowing program 
E)  A and C are correct

Question 5

The pattern of gut motility during the interdigestive period is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Segmentation 
B)  Peristalsis 
C)  Quiescence 
D)  Migrating myoelectric complex 
E)  Motilin 
A)  Segmentation 
B)  Peristalsis 
C)  Quiescence 
D)  Migrating myoelectric complex 
E)  Motilin

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is the frequency of gastric slow waves 
B)  The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is set by interstitial cells of Cajal in the pacemaker zone 
C)  The basic electrical rhythm sets the frequency of contractions of the stomach 
D)  Slow waves consist of a rapid depolarization followed by a plateau phase 
E)  Slow waves do not cause contraction unless sympathetic stimulation augments the plateau phase 
A)  The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is the frequency of gastric slow waves 
B)  The basic electrical rhythm of the stomach is set by interstitial cells of Cajal in the pacemaker zone 
C)  The basic electrical rhythm sets the frequency of contractions of the stomach 
D)  Slow waves consist of a rapid depolarization followed by a plateau phase 
E)  Slow waves do not cause contraction unless sympathetic stimulation augments the plateau phase

Question 7

A group of cells with higher intrinsic rhythm located along the greater curvature in the body of the stomach in an area that is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  Pyloric sphincter 
B)  Myenteric plexus 
C)  Oblique muscle layer 
D)  Pacemaker zone 
E)  Submucosal plexus 
A)  Pyloric sphincter 
B)  Myenteric plexus 
C)  Oblique muscle layer 
D)  Pacemaker zone 
E)  Submucosal plexus

Question 8

After eating only a milkshake and adding gastric secretions, the stomach contains 1.0 L of material. After 20 minutes only 0.5 L remains. 40 minutes after eating you would expect the stomach to contain about

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing. It would be empty. 
B)  0.125 L 
C)  0.25 L 
D)  0.375 L 
E)  0.5 L 
A)  Nothing. It would be empty. 
B)  0.125 L 
C)  0.25 L 
D)  0.375 L 
E)  0.5 L

Question 9

In the gastric phase of acid secretion, acid secretion is stimulated by each of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Stretch 
C)  GRP, through increased gastrin 
D)  Histamine, through a vagovagal reflex 
E)  Increased SST m ediated by gastrin 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Stretch 
C)  GRP, through increased gastrin 
D)  Histamine, through a vagovagal reflex 
E)  Increased SST m ediated by gastrin

Question 10

GRP

Accepted Answer

A)  Is a neurotransmitter of vagal afferents that increases gastrin secretion by G cells 
B)  Is released by vagal afferents to directly stimulate parietal cells 
C)  Stimulates gastric motility 
D)  Increases SST release by D cells that shuts down acid secretion by parietal cells 
E)  Increases histamine release by ECL cells that stimulates parietal cell secretion 
A)  Is a neurotransmitter of vagal afferents that increases gastrin secretion by G cells 
B)  Is released by vagal afferents to directly stimulate parietal cells 
C)  Stimulates gastric motility 
D)  Increases SST release by D cells that shuts down acid secretion by parietal cells 
E)  Increases histamine release by ECL cells that stimulates parietal cell secretion

Question 11

Grinding of food and retropulsion are possible because

Accepted Answer

A)  The stomach muscles increase in thickness orad to caudad 
B)  A minor wave of contraction first contracts the pyloric sphincter 
C)  The enterogastric inhibitor reflex slows gastric emptying 
D)  The vagus nerves stimulate contraction of the pyloric sphincter 
E)  Acid in the stomach promotes contraction 
A)  The stomach muscles increase in thickness orad to caudad 
B)  A minor wave of contraction first contracts the pyloric sphincter 
C)  The enterogastric inhibitor reflex slows gastric emptying 
D)  The vagus nerves stimulate contraction of the pyloric sphincter 
E)  Acid in the stomach promotes contraction

Question 12

Gastric accommodation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch 
B)  Ability of the stomach to hold a lot of food 
C)  Spread of slow waves along the circular muscle 
D)  Relaxation of the stomach as part of the swallowing program 
E)  Hotel rooms for famous chefs for the Cooking Channel 
A)  Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch 
B)  Ability of the stomach to hold a lot of food 
C)  Spread of slow waves along the circular muscle 
D)  Relaxation of the stomach as part of the swallowing program 
E)  Hotel rooms for famous chefs for the Cooking Channel

Question 13

The migrating motility complex (migrating myoelectric complex, MMC) refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  The pattern of gut motility immediately after eating a meal 
B)  The pattern of gut motility when anticipating a meal 
C)  The pattern of gut motility immediately prior to defecation 
D)  The “housekeeping” function of the gut during the interdigestive period 
E)  The movement of chyme out of the stomach 
A)  The pattern of gut motility immediately after eating a meal 
B)  The pattern of gut motility when anticipating a meal 
C)  The pattern of gut motility immediately prior to defecation 
D)  The “housekeeping” function of the gut during the interdigestive period 
E)  The movement of chyme out of the stomach

Question 14

Parietal cells secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucus 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Intrinsic factor and HCl 
E)  Pepsinogen 
A)  Mucus 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Intrinsic factor and HCl 
E)  Pepsinogen

Question 15

The pacemaker zone of the stomach

Accepted Answer

A)  Is located along the greater curvature 
B)  Is in the fundus adjacent to the LES 
C)  Is located along the lesser curvature 
D)  Controls mainly the oblique muscle layer 
E)  Sets the basic electrical rhythm at about 10 min-1 
A)  Is located along the greater curvature 
B)  Is in the fundus adjacent to the LES 
C)  Is located along the lesser curvature 
D)  Controls mainly the oblique muscle layer 
E)  Sets the basic electrical rhythm at about 10 min-1

Question 16

The function of gastric acid is to

Accepted Answer

A)  Dissolve ingested bone particles 
B)  Denature dietary protein and activate pepsinogen 
C)  Help intrinsic factor bind vitamin B12 
D)  Kill bacteria in food 
E)  Activate pancreatic enzymes 
A)  Dissolve ingested bone particles 
B)  Denature dietary protein and activate pepsinogen 
C)  Help intrinsic factor bind vitamin B12 
D)  Kill bacteria in food 
E)  Activate pancreatic enzymes

Question 17

All of the following signals inhibit gastric emptying EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritation of the duodenum 
B)  Fat digestion products in the duodenum 
C)  Amino acids in the duodenum 
D)  Increased duodenal osmolarity 
E)  Increased duodenal pH 
A)  Irritation of the duodenum 
B)  Fat digestion products in the duodenum 
C)  Amino acids in the duodenum 
D)  Increased duodenal osmolarity 
E)  Increased duodenal pH

Question 18

Each of the following is required for acid secretion EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  The apical H-K-ATPase 
B)  The apical K+ channel 
C)  The apical Cl- channel 
D)  Carbonic anhydrase 
E)  The apical Na-HCO3- exchanger 
A)  The apical H-K-ATPase 
B)  The apical K+ channel 
C)  The apical Cl- channel 
D)  Carbonic anhydrase 
E)  The apical Na-HCO3- exchanger

Question 19

The on ly es se ntia l G I se cr etio n is

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucus 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Intrinsic factor 
E)  Pepsinogen 
A)  Mucus 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Vitamin B12 
D)  Intrinsic factor 
E)  Pepsinogen

Question 20

Stomach emptying

Accepted Answer

A)  Obeys first order kinetics all the tim e 
B)  Shows a lag phase until particle size is reduced to 2 mm 
C)  Is increased by duodenal acid 
D)  Is inhibited by increased duodenal pH 
E)  Is inhibited by CCK and secretin 
A)  Obeys first order kinetics all the tim e 
B)  Shows a lag phase until particle size is reduced to 2 mm 
C)  Is increased by duodenal acid 
D)  Is inhibited by increased duodenal pH 
E)  Is inhibited by CCK and secretin

Exam 56: The Stomach

Hypersecretion of acid could be caused by

Chyme is

The main inhibitor of acid secretion is

Relaxation of the stomach in response to stretch

The pattern of gut motility during the interdigestive period is called

Which of the following is NOT true of the stomach?

A group of cells with higher intrinsic rhythm located along the greater curvature in the body of the stomach in an area that is called the

After eating only a milkshake and adding gastric secretions, the stomach contains 1.0 L of material. After 20 minutes only 0.5 L remains. 40 minutes after eating you would expect the stomach to contain about

In the gastric phase of acid secretion, acid secretion is stimulated by each of the following EXCEPT

GRP

Grinding of food and retropulsion are possible because

Gastric accommodation refers to

The migrating motility complex (migrating myoelectric complex, MMC) refers to

Parietal cells secrete

The pacemaker zone of the stomach

The function of gastric acid is to

All of the following signals inhibit gastric emptying EXCEPT

Each of the following is required for acid secretion EXCEPT

The on ly es se ntia l G I se cr etio n is

Stomach emptying

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

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