Question 1

W hich of the following rank metabolic pathways correctly in terms of their rate of ATP regeneration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidative phosphorylation > glycolysis > creatine phosphokinase 
B)  Glycolysis>oxidative phosphorylation > creatine phosphokinase 
C)  Creatine phosphokinase> glycolysis > oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  Creatine phosphokinase > oxidative phosphorylation > glycolysis 
E)  Glycolysis > creatine phosphokinase > oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  Oxidative phosphorylation > glycolysis > creatine phosphokinase 
B)  Glycolysis>oxidative phosphorylation > creatine phosphokinase 
C)  Creatine phosphokinase> glycolysis > oxidative phosphorylation 
D)  Creatine phosphokinase > oxidative phosphorylation > glycolysis 
E)  Glycolysis > creatine phosphokinase > oxidative phosphorylation C

Question 2

Fatigue in intense, short-duration exercise is thought to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased cytoplasmic [Pi] and acidosis (decreased pH) 
B)  Depletion of glycogen stores 
C)  Depletion of creatine phosphate 
D)  Increased AMP 
E)  Neuromuscular junction failure 
A)  Increased cytoplasmic [Pi] and acidosis (decreased pH) 
B)  Depletion of glycogen stores 
C)  Depletion of creatine phosphate 
D)  Increased AMP 
E)  Neuromuscular junction failure A

Question 3

The greatest part of ATP hydrolysis during activation of m uscle contraction is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  SERCA1 pump 
B)  Na, K-ATSPase 
C)  Acto-myosin ATPase 
D)  Mitochondrial F0F1 ATPase 
E)  Glucokinase 
A)  SERCA1 pump 
B)  Na, K-ATSPase 
C)  Acto-myosin ATPase 
D)  Mitochondrial F0F1 ATPase 
E)  Glucokinase C

Question 4

The “duty cycle” in muscle physiology refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  Time a muscle is active 
B)  Fraction of time in a contraction when ATP is being used up 
C)  Fraction of total time that a muscle is active 
D)  Ca2+ cycle during activation and relaxation of skeletal muscle 
E)  The breakdown and synthesis of glycogen with each contraction 
A)  Time a muscle is active 
B)  Fraction of time in a contraction when ATP is being used up 
C)  Fraction of total time that a muscle is active 
D)  Ca2+ cycle during activation and relaxation of skeletal muscle 
E)  The breakdown and synthesis of glycogen with each contraction

Question 5

Type I muscle fibers are

Accepted Answer

A)  Fast twitch fatiguable 
B)  Fast twitch, intermediate fatiguable 
C)  Fast twitch, fatigue-resistant 
D)  Slow twitch, fatiguable 
E)  Slow twitch, fatigue-resistant 
A)  Fast twitch fatiguable 
B)  Fast twitch, intermediate fatiguable 
C)  Fast twitch, fatigue-resistant 
D)  Slow twitch, fatiguable 
E)  Slow twitch, fatigue-resistant

Question 6

A short-term effect of exercise is to increases glucose uptake by muscle cells by

Accepted Answer

A)  Opening up a channel for glucose entry into the cell 
B)  Increasing the synthesis of more Glucose transporters 
C)  Inserting more copies of GLUT4 into the muscle fiber sarcolemma 
D)  Inserting copies of SGLT1 into the surface membrane 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Opening up a channel for glucose entry into the cell 
B)  Increasing the synthesis of more Glucose transporters 
C)  Inserting more copies of GLUT4 into the muscle fiber sarcolemma 
D)  Inserting copies of SGLT1 into the surface membrane 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 7

Sources of fuel for muscle energy include

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood glucose 
B)  Muscle glycogen 
C)  Liver glycogen through blood glucose 
D)  Blood lipids 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Blood glucose 
B)  Muscle glycogen 
C)  Liver glycogen through blood glucose 
D)  Blood lipids 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

The myokinase reaction converts

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose-1-phosphate to glucose and ATP 
B)  Fructose-1,6 bisphophate to fructose-1-phosphate and ATP 
C)  2 ADP to ATP and AMP 
D)  ADP and Pi to ATP 
E)  Actin and ATP to phosphorylated actin and ADP 
A)  Glucose-1-phosphate to glucose and ATP 
B)  Fructose-1,6 bisphophate to fructose-1-phosphate and ATP 
C)  2 ADP to ATP and AMP 
D)  ADP and Pi to ATP 
E)  Actin and ATP to phosphorylated actin and ADP

Question 9

Creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase

Accepted Answer

A)  Comprise the fastest way to regenerate ATP in working muscle 
B)  Make up one of the steps of glycolysis 
C)  Regulate glycogenolysis 
D)  Regulate gluconeogenesis 
E)  Are intermediates in the ETC 
A)  Comprise the fastest way to regenerate ATP in working muscle 
B)  Make up one of the steps of glycolysis 
C)  Regulate glycogenolysis 
D)  Regulate gluconeogenesis 
E)  Are intermediates in the ETC

Question 10

Diabetics must pay attention to the amount of exercise they get because

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise decreases glycogenolysis 
B)  Excerise decreases lipolysis 
C)  Exercise increases blood glucose 
D)  Exercise has an insulin-like effect on muscle 
E)  Exercise antagonizes insulin action 
A)  Exercise decreases glycogenolysis 
B)  Excerise decreases lipolysis 
C)  Exercise increases blood glucose 
D)  Exercise has an insulin-like effect on muscle 
E)  Exercise antagonizes insulin action

Question 11

The “anaerobic threshold” refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  W ork load that can be conducted while holding one’s breath 
B)  The oxygen tension in the blood that makes one breathe 
C)  The work load at which blood lactic acid concentrations begin to rise precipitously 
D)  The oxygen tension that causes blood lactic acid to rise precipitously 
E)  Oxygen content below which mitochondria fail to produce ATP 
A)  W ork load that can be conducted while holding one’s breath 
B)  The oxygen tension in the blood that makes one breathe 
C)  The work load at which blood lactic acid concentrations begin to rise precipitously 
D)  The oxygen tension that causes blood lactic acid to rise precipitously 
E)  Oxygen content below which mitochondria fail to produce ATP

Question 12

When the intensity of exercise Increases

Accepted Answer

A)  The duty cycle Increases 
B)  The rest period to recovery metabolic reserves gets shorter 
C)  Glycolytic flux Increases 
D)  Glycogenolysis Increases 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The duty cycle Increases 
B)  The rest period to recovery metabolic reserves gets shorter 
C)  Glycolytic flux Increases 
D)  Glycogenolysis Increases 
E)  All of the above

Question 13

Slow twitch muscle fibers

Accepted Answer

A)  Are Type I fibers 
B)  Are Type IIa fibers 
C)  Develop more force than fast twitch muscle fibers 
D)  Have more glycogen than fast-twitch fibers 
E)  Have the highest rate of glycogenlolysis among muscle fibers 
A)  Are Type I fibers 
B)  Are Type IIa fibers 
C)  Develop more force than fast twitch muscle fibers 
D)  Have more glycogen than fast-twitch fibers 
E)  Have the highest rate of glycogenlolysis among muscle fibers

Question 14

One of the “purposes” of making lactic acid is that

Accepted Answer

A)  It regenerates NAD+ needed in glycolysis 
B)  Is painful and so reduces muscle activation and metabolism 
C)  Carries energy to the m uscle mitochondria 
D)  Carries energy to glycolytic fibers 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  It regenerates NAD+ needed in glycolysis 
B)  Is painful and so reduces muscle activation and metabolism 
C)  Carries energy to the m uscle mitochondria 
D)  Carries energy to glycolytic fibers 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 15

Lactic acid is produced by exercising muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  W hen cytoplasm ic [pyruvate] and [NADH] rise 
B)  W hen NADH production outstrips its oxidation 
C)  During times of rapid glycolytic flux 
D)  To regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue 
E)  All of the above 
A)  W hen cytoplasm ic [pyruvate] and [NADH] rise 
B)  W hen NADH production outstrips its oxidation 
C)  During times of rapid glycolytic flux 
D)  To regenerate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue 
E)  All of the above

Question 16

The source capable of providing the greatest amount of energy for ATP regeneration is

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatine phosphate 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenolysis 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  Creatine phosphate 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenolysis 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 17

In the Cori cycle, blood lactic acid is converted to glucose in the

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow twitch muscle fibers 
B)  Oxidative muscle fibers 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Liver 
E)  Lungs 
A)  Slow twitch muscle fibers 
B)  Oxidative muscle fibers 
C)  Intestines 
D)  Liver 
E)  Lungs

Question 18

The total amount of ATP used in an exercise

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases with intensity of exercise 
B)  Increases with blood pH 
C)  Increases with the duration of exercise 
D)  Is independent of body mass 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Increases with intensity of exercise 
B)  Increases with blood pH 
C)  Increases with the duration of exercise 
D)  Is independent of body mass 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 19

“Anaerobic m etabolism” refers to m etabolic pathways that

Accepted Answer

A)  Are conducted at atmospheric pressure 
B)  Are conducted without air 
C)  Do not require oxygen 
D)  Are inhibited by oxygen 
E)  Take place in an anoxic environment 
A)  Are conducted at atmospheric pressure 
B)  Are conducted without air 
C)  Do not require oxygen 
D)  Are inhibited by oxygen 
E)  Take place in an anoxic environment

Question 20

The most rapid regeneration of ATP during muscle contraction is provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  Creatine phosphokinase 
B)  Myokinase 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  TCA cycle from carbohydrate precursors 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation 
A)  Creatine phosphokinase 
B)  Myokinase 
C)  Glycolysis 
D)  TCA cycle from carbohydrate precursors 
E)  Oxidative phosphorylation

Exam 23: Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

W hich of the following rank metabolic pathways correctly in terms of their rate of ATP regeneration?

Fatigue in intense, short-duration exercise is thought to be due to

The greatest part of ATP hydrolysis during activation of m uscle contraction is produced by

The “duty cycle” in muscle physiology refers to the

Type I muscle fibers are

A short-term effect of exercise is to increases glucose uptake by muscle cells by

Sources of fuel for muscle energy include

The myokinase reaction converts

Creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase

Diabetics must pay attention to the amount of exercise they get because

The “anaerobic threshold” refers to the

When the intensity of exercise Increases

Slow twitch muscle fibers

One of the “purposes” of making lactic acid is that

Lactic acid is produced by exercising muscle

The source capable of providing the greatest amount of energy for ATP regeneration is

In the Cori cycle, blood lactic acid is converted to glucose in the

The total amount of ATP used in an exercise

“Anaerobic m etabolism” refers to m etabolic pathways that

The most rapid regeneration of ATP during muscle contraction is provided by

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake