Question 1

W hich of the following hormones is a modified am ino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  TRH 
B)  TSH 
C)  Thyroxine 
D)  Thyroglobulin 
E)  TBG 
A)  TRH 
B)  TSH 
C)  Thyroxine 
D)  Thyroglobulin 
E)  TBG C

Question 2

Peptide hormones typically

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to receptors on cell surfaces 
B)  bind to cytoplasmic receptors 
C)  bind to nuclear receptors 
D)  activate transcription of novel mRNA from DNA 
E)  half short half lives 
A)  bind to receptors on cell surfaces 
B)  bind to cytoplasmic receptors 
C)  bind to nuclear receptors 
D)  activate transcription of novel mRNA from DNA 
E)  half short half lives A

Question 3

Peptide hormones generally are synthesized

Accepted Answer

A)  In the liver 
B)  As larger precursor proteins that are proteolytically cleaved to become active 
C)  In the Golgi apparatus 
D)  On the smooth ER 
E)  In secretory vesicles 
A)  In the liver 
B)  As larger precursor proteins that are proteolytically cleaved to become active 
C)  In the Golgi apparatus 
D)  On the smooth ER 
E)  In secretory vesicles B

Question 4

Hormones that are derivatives of amino acids include

Accepted Answer

A)  T3 
B)  TSH 
C)  insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  aldosterone 
A)  T3 
B)  TSH 
C)  insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  aldosterone

Question 5

W hich of the following is NOT part of the description of a classical endocrine hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is secreted by a small, circumscribed organ 
B)  It is secreted by a ductless gland 
C)  The hormone travels through the blood 
D)  It engages specific responses from specific targets 
E)  It is a polypeptide 
A)  It is secreted by a small, circumscribed organ 
B)  It is secreted by a ductless gland 
C)  The hormone travels through the blood 
D)  It engages specific responses from specific targets 
E)  It is a polypeptide

Question 6

W hich of the following describes a secreted signaling molecule that affects the cell that secretes it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Endocrine 
D)  Neurocrine 
E)  Exocrine 
A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Endocrine 
D)  Neurocrine 
E)  Exocrine

Question 7

Specificity of horm one action is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Specific interaction of receptor with the hormone 
B)  Specific expression of the receptor only in target tissues 
C)  Specific linkage of the receptor with cell responses 
D)  Location of the receptor for availability to the hormone 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Specific interaction of receptor with the hormone 
B)  Specific expression of the receptor only in target tissues 
C)  Specific linkage of the receptor with cell responses 
D)  Location of the receptor for availability to the hormone 
E)  All of the above

Question 8

W hich of the following is a releasing hormone secreted by cells in the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  ACTH 
B)  CRH 
C)  TSH 
D)  LH 
E)  FSH 
A)  ACTH 
B)  CRH 
C)  TSH 
D)  LH 
E)  FSH

Question 9

A reduction in the concentration of hormone require to produce a response is called

Accepted Answer

A)  Up-regulation 
B)  Down-regulation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Desensitization 
E)  Homologous up-regulation 
A)  Up-regulation 
B)  Down-regulation 
C)  Sensitization 
D)  Desensitization 
E)  Homologous up-regulation

Question 10

The maximum response of a target tissue can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the number of receptor molecules in the tissue 
B)  Increasing the number of active cells in the tissue 
C)  Increasing the effectiveness of each receptor molecule 
D)  Increasing the basal response in the absence of stimulus 
E)  Up-regulation 
A)  Increasing the number of receptor molecules in the tissue 
B)  Increasing the number of active cells in the tissue 
C)  Increasing the effectiveness of each receptor molecule 
D)  Increasing the basal response in the absence of stimulus 
E)  Up-regulation

Question 11

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcitonin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Glucocorticoids 
E)  TSH 
A)  Calcitonin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Glucocorticoids 
E)  TSH

Question 12

Hormones that are released as they are made include

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  TSH 
C)  Insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  Aldosterone 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  TSH 
C)  Insulin 
D)  PTH 
E)  Aldosterone

Question 13

Which of the following describes a secreted signaling molecule that affects nearby cells without traveling through the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Endocrine 
D)  Neurocrine 
E)  Exocrine 
A)  Autocrine 
B)  Paracrine 
C)  Endocrine 
D)  Neurocrine 
E)  Exocrine

Question 14

W hich of the following hormone is NOT carried in the blood by a carrier protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroxine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Estrogen 
A)  Thyroxine 
B)  Cortisol 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Estrogen

Question 15

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxytocin 
B)  ADH 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Insulin 
E)  ACTH 
A)  Oxytocin 
B)  ADH 
C)  Parathyroid hormone 
D)  Insulin 
E)  ACTH

Question 16

Homologous desensitization refers to

Accepted Answer

A) . Reduction in the number of receptors in response to prior exposure to hormone 
B)  Reduction in the number of receptors in response to a stimulus other than hormone 
C)  Reduction in strength of binding of hormone due to prior exposure to hormone 
D)  Reduction in strength of binding of hormone due to a stimulus other than hormone 
E)  Reduction in maximum response to the hormone due to prior exposure to hormone 
A) . Reduction in the number of receptors in response to prior exposure to hormone 
B)  Reduction in the number of receptors in response to a stimulus other than hormone 
C)  Reduction in strength of binding of hormone due to prior exposure to hormone 
D)  Reduction in strength of binding of hormone due to a stimulus other than hormone 
E)  Reduction in maximum response to the hormone due to prior exposure to hormone

Question 17

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcitonin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Glucocorticoids 
E)  TSH 
A)  Calcitonin 
B)  Glucagon 
C)  Secretin 
D)  Glucocorticoids 
E)  TSH

Question 18

Secretory vesicles are NOT involved in the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  TRH 
B)  TSH 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Thyroxine 
E)  Aldosterone 
A)  TRH 
B)  TSH 
C)  Insulin 
D)  Thyroxine 
E)  Aldosterone

Exam 61: General Principles of Endocrinology

W hich of the following hormones is a modified am ino acid?

Peptide hormones typically

Peptide hormones generally are synthesized

Hormones that are derivatives of amino acids include

W hich of the following is NOT part of the description of a classical endocrine hormone?

W hich of the following describes a secreted signaling molecule that affects the cell that secretes it?

Specificity of horm one action is due to

W hich of the following is a releasing hormone secreted by cells in the hypothalamus?

A reduction in the concentration of hormone require to produce a response is called

The maximum response of a target tissue can be increased by all of the following EXCEPT

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Hormones that are released as they are made include

Which of the following describes a secreted signaling molecule that affects nearby cells without traveling through the blood?

W hich of the following hormone is NOT carried in the blood by a carrier protein?

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Homologous desensitization refers to

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary include

Secretory vesicles are NOT involved in the secretion of

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland