Question 1

Phosphate absorption from the intestine is directly controlled solely by

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH 
B)  CT 
C)  Cholecalciferol 
D)  25 hydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
A)  PTH 
B)  CT 
C)  Cholecalciferol 
D)  25 hydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol E

Question 2

ells that line the surfaces of bone and lay down organic matrix are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Cannaliculi 
A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Cannaliculi A

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Accepted Answer

A)  Lay down the organic matrix of bone 
B)  Resorb just the mineral of bone 
C)  Resorb mineral and organic matrix of bone 
D)  Mineralize normal organic matrix of bone 
E)  Originate from osteocytes 
A)  Lay down the organic matrix of bone 
B)  Resorb just the mineral of bone 
C)  Resorb mineral and organic matrix of bone 
D)  Mineralize normal organic matrix of bone 
E)  Originate from osteocytes C

Question 4

Recruitment of osteoclasts from hemapoetic precrusors in the blood is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH and calcitonin 
B)  PTH alone 
C)  Calcitonin alone 
D)  PTH and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  CT and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
A)  PTH and calcitonin 
B)  PTH alone 
C)  Calcitonin alone 
D)  PTH and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  CT and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 5

Receptors for vitamin D

Accepted Answer

A)  Bind to vitamin D-response elements of DNA 
B)  Are present in intestine, bone and kidney 
C)  Activate a gene for calbindin in the intestine 
D)  Bind 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Bind to vitamin D-response elements of DNA 
B)  Are present in intestine, bone and kidney 
C)  Activate a gene for calbindin in the intestine 
D)  Bind 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol 
E)  All of the above

Question 6

The main effect of CT is

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestines’ 
B)  Increasing calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the kidney 
C)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate resorption from bone 
D)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the kidney 
E)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestines 
A)  Increasing calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestines’ 
B)  Increasing calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the kidney 
C)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate resorption from bone 
D)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate reabsorption from the kidney 
E)  Decreasing calcium and phosphate absorption from the intestines

Question 7

PTH

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
B)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
C)  Inhibits both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
D)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule. 
E)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in both proximal and distal tubule. 
A)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
B)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
C)  Inhibits both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubule 
D)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule. 
E)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in both proximal and distal tubule.

Question 8

The only hormone that significantly alters calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubuleis

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  PTH 
C)  CT 
D)  1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol 
E)  Aldosterone 
A)  ADH 
B)  PTH 
C)  CT 
D)  1,25 dihydroxy cholecalciferol 
E)  Aldosterone

Question 9

The shaft of a long bone is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  Epiphysis 
B)  Periosteum 
C)  Diaphysis 
D)  Condyle 
E)  Endosteum 
A)  Epiphysis 
B)  Periosteum 
C)  Diaphysis 
D)  Condyle 
E)  Endosteum

Question 10

The organic matrix of bone contains all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Collagen type I 
B)  Osteocalcin 
C)  Matrix GLA protein 
D)  Vitronectin 
E)  Calbindin 
A)  Collagen type I 
B)  Osteocalcin 
C)  Matrix GLA protein 
D)  Vitronectin 
E)  Calbindin

Question 11

PTH

Accepted Answer

A)  Increases calcium reabsorption but not phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
B)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
C)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
D)  Inhibits both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
E)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in both proximal and
distal tubule 
A)  Increases calcium reabsorption but not phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
B)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
C)  Increases both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubule 
D)  Inhibits both calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the distal tubule 
E)  Increases calcium reabsorption and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in both proximal and
distal tubule

Question 12

Cells that are embedded deep in bone are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Chondroblasts 
A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Chondroblasts

Question 13

The target bone cell for PTH is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Chrondrocyte 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Osteoblast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Chrondrocyte 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 14

Giant, multinucleated cells that resorb bone are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Chondroblasts 
A)  Osteoblasts 
B)  Osteoclasts 
C)  Osteocytes 
D)  Chondrocytes 
E)  Chondroblasts

Question 15

The most likely function of calbindin is

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase calcium diffusion across the enterocyte’s cytosol 
B)  Activate ECaC 
C)  Buffer [Ca] so that it does not harm the enterocyte 
D)  Activate PMCA 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Increase calcium diffusion across the enterocyte’s cytosol 
B)  Activate ECaC 
C)  Buffer [Ca] so that it does not harm the enterocyte 
D)  Activate PMCA 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 16

CT receptors on osteoclasts

Accepted Answer

A)  Operate through a Gs mechanism 
B)  Signal through a Gq-coupled receptor 
C)  Seal off an area by binding to osteocalcin 
D)  Require 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol for activation 
E)  Activate bone resorption 
A)  Operate through a Gs mechanism 
B)  Signal through a Gq-coupled receptor 
C)  Seal off an area by binding to osteocalcin 
D)  Require 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol for activation 
E)  Activate bone resorption

Question 17

The target bone cell for CT is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteoblast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Chrondrocyte 
E)  Both A and C are true 
A)  Osteoblast 
B)  Osteoclast 
C)  Osteocyte 
D)  Chrondrocyte 
E)  Both A and C are true

Question 18

Calcium entry across the brush border membrane of enterocytes is mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Passive permeability through the lipid bilayer 
B)  Facilitated diffusion by calbindin 
C)  The epithelial calcium channel, ECaC 
D)  Ca-Cl2 co-transporter 
E)  PMCA 
A)  Passive permeability through the lipid bilayer 
B)  Facilitated diffusion by calbindin 
C)  The epithelial calcium channel, ECaC 
D)  Ca-Cl2 co-transporter 
E)  PMCA

Question 19

Osteoblasts do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Form the osteoid, or organic matrix of bone 
B)  Recruit osteoclasts from stem cells in the blood 
C)  Secrete M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor) in response to PTH 
D)  Secrete osteoprotegrerin to block preosteoclast binding 
E)  Form resorption canals 
A)  Form the osteoid, or organic matrix of bone 
B)  Recruit osteoclasts from stem cells in the blood 
C)  Secrete M-CSF (macrophage colony stimulating factor) in response to PTH 
D)  Secrete osteoprotegrerin to block preosteoclast binding 
E)  Form resorption canals

Exam 68: Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis Ii

Phosphate absorption from the intestine is directly controlled solely by

ells that line the surfaces of bone and lay down organic matrix are called

Osteoclasts

Recruitment of osteoclasts from hemapoetic precrusors in the blood is stimulated by

Receptors for vitamin D

The main effect of CT is

PTH

The only hormone that significantly alters calcium and phosphate reabsorption in the proxim al tubuleis

The shaft of a long bone is called the

The organic matrix of bone contains all of the following EXCEPT

PTH

Cells that are embedded deep in bone are called

The target bone cell for PTH is the

Giant, multinucleated cells that resorb bone are called

The most likely function of calbindin is

CT receptors on osteoclasts

The target bone cell for CT is the

Calcium entry across the brush border membrane of enterocytes is mediated by

Osteoblasts do all of the following EXCEPT

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake