Question 1

The main stimuli for ADH secretion are

Accepted Answer

A)  Thirst and hyperkalem ia 
B)  Hypovolemia and hyperosmolarity of plasma 
C)  Hypovolem ia and hyperkalem ia 
D)  Hypertension and hyperosmolarity of plasma 
E)  Hypernatriuresis and hyperosmolarity of plasma 
A)  Thirst and hyperkalem ia 
B)  Hypovolemia and hyperosmolarity of plasma 
C)  Hypovolem ia and hyperkalem ia 
D)  Hypertension and hyperosmolarity of plasma 
E)  Hypernatriuresis and hyperosmolarity of plasma B

Question 2

Releasing factors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulate cells in the hypothalamus to release hormones 
B)  Are released by hypothalamic neurons into the hypophyseal portal blood 
C)  Release hormones store in the posterior lobe of the pituitary 
D)  Generally activate response elem ents in the DNA of their target cells 
E)  All stimulate hormone release 
A)  Stimulate cells in the hypothalamus to release hormones 
B)  Are released by hypothalamic neurons into the hypophyseal portal blood 
C)  Release hormones store in the posterior lobe of the pituitary 
D)  Generally activate response elem ents in the DNA of their target cells 
E)  All stimulate hormone release B

Question 3

The hormones released in the posterior pituitary are

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasopressin and oxycontin 
B)  TSH and FSH 
C)  LH and FSH 
D)  ACTH and TSH 
E)  ADH and oxytocin 
A)  Vasopressin and oxycontin 
B)  TSH and FSH 
C)  LH and FSH 
D)  ACTH and TSH 
E)  ADH and oxytocin E

Question 4

Cells that synthesize ADH are located in

Accepted Answer

A)  The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus 
B)  The supraoptic chiasm 
C)  The lateral hypothalamus 
D)  The ventrolateral and ventromedial hypothalamus 
E)  Ventricles of the brain 
A)  The supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus 
B)  The supraoptic chiasm 
C)  The lateral hypothalamus 
D)  The ventrolateral and ventromedial hypothalamus 
E)  Ventricles of the brain

Question 5

W hen you are in the upright position, the adenohypophysis lies

Accepted Answer

A)  Superior to the neurohypophysis 
B)  Anterior to the neurohypophysis 
C)  Posterior to the neurohypophysis 
D)  Inferior to the neurohypophysis 
E)  Lateral to the neurohypophysis 
A)  Superior to the neurohypophysis 
B)  Anterior to the neurohypophysis 
C)  Posterior to the neurohypophysis 
D)  Inferior to the neurohypophysis 
E)  Lateral to the neurohypophysis

Question 6

Excess GH in the child causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Gigantism 
B)  Grave’s disease 
C)  Cretinism 
D)  Osteopetrosis 
E)  Acromegaly 
A)  Gigantism 
B)  Grave’s disease 
C)  Cretinism 
D)  Osteopetrosis 
E)  Acromegaly

Question 7

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the

Accepted Answer

A)  Pars distalis 
B)  Pars tuberalis 
C)  Pars intermedia 
D)  Hypophyseal stalk 
E)  Sella turcica 
A)  Pars distalis 
B)  Pars tuberalis 
C)  Pars intermedia 
D)  Hypophyseal stalk 
E)  Sella turcica

Question 8

W hich of the following cell types are NO T found in the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

A)  Somatotrophs 
B)  Thyrotrophs 
C)  Osmotrophs 
D)  Lactotrophs 
E)  Gonadotrophs 
A)  Somatotrophs 
B)  Thyrotrophs 
C)  Osmotrophs 
D)  Lactotrophs 
E)  Gonadotrophs

Question 9

The effects of GH are almost all mediated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucagon 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Thyroxine 
D)  Insulin-like growth factors I and II 
E)  Ghrelin 
A)  Glucagon 
B)  Epinephrine 
C)  Thyroxine 
D)  Insulin-like growth factors I and II 
E)  Ghrelin

Question 10

The main effects of ADH include

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Increasing water reasbsorption in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Insertion of AQP2 in luminal membranes of late distal tubule and collecting duct cells 
D)  Increasing urea permeability of early distal tubules 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Vasoconstriction 
B)  Increasing water reasbsorption in the proxim al tubule 
C)  Insertion of AQP2 in luminal membranes of late distal tubule and collecting duct cells 
D)  Increasing urea permeability of early distal tubules 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 11

Ghrelin is released

Accepted Answer

A)  By the liver after feeding 
B)  By the intestines after feeding 
C)  By the liver during fasting 
D)  By the intestines during fasting 
E)  By the stomach during fasting 
A)  By the liver after feeding 
B)  By the intestines after feeding 
C)  By the liver during fasting 
D)  By the intestines during fasting 
E)  By the stomach during fasting

Question 12

Oxytocin release is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  Suckling 
B)  Hypovolem ia 
C)  Stretch of the cervix 
D)  Hyperkalemia 
E)  Both A and C are correct 
A)  Suckling 
B)  Hypovolem ia 
C)  Stretch of the cervix 
D)  Hyperkalemia 
E)  Both A and C are correct

Question 13

Excess GH in the adult causes

Accepted Answer

A)  Gigantism 
B)  Grave’s disease 
C)  Cretinism 
D)  Osteopetrosis 
E)  Acromegaly 
A)  Gigantism 
B)  Grave’s disease 
C)  Cretinism 
D)  Osteopetrosis 
E)  Acromegaly

Question 14

W hich of the following are polypeptide releasing factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of them 
B)  TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, SST, dopamine 
C)  SST and dopamine 
D)  TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, SST 
E)  TSH, CRH, GHRH and SST 
A)  All of them 
B)  TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, SST, dopamine 
C)  SST and dopamine 
D)  TRH, CRH, GnRH, GHRH, SST 
E)  TSH, CRH, GHRH and SST

Question 15

W hich is NOT an effect of increased oxytocin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased maternal behavior 
B)  Contraction of myoepithelial cells in the breast 
C)  Contraction of the uterus 
D)  Milk ejection 
E)  Increased thirst 
A)  Increased maternal behavior 
B)  Contraction of myoepithelial cells in the breast 
C)  Contraction of the uterus 
D)  Milk ejection 
E)  Increased thirst

Question 16

Releasing factors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulate cells in the hypothalamus to release hormones 
B)  Are released by hypothalamic neurons into the hypophyseal portal blood 
C)  Release hormones stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitaty 
D)  Generally activate response elem ents in their target cells 
E)  All stimulate hormone release 
A)  Stimulate cells in the hypothalamus to release hormones 
B)  Are released by hypothalamic neurons into the hypophyseal portal blood 
C)  Release hormones stored in the posterior lobe of the pituitaty 
D)  Generally activate response elem ents in their target cells 
E)  All stimulate hormone release

Exam 62: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

The main stimuli for ADH secretion are

Releasing factors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

The hormones released in the posterior pituitary are

Cells that synthesize ADH are located in

W hen you are in the upright position, the adenohypophysis lies

Excess GH in the child causes

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by the

W hich of the following cell types are NO T found in the anterior pituitary?

The effects of GH are almost all mediated by

The main effects of ADH include

Ghrelin is released

Oxytocin release is stimulated by

Excess GH in the adult causes

W hich of the following are polypeptide releasing factors?

W hich is NOT an effect of increased oxytocin?

Releasing factors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Physical Foundations Ii: Electrical Force Potential Capacitance and Current

Chemical Foundations I: Chemical Energy and Intermolecular Forces

Chemical Foundations Ii: Concentration and Kinetics

Diffusion

Electrochemical Potential and Free Energy

Cell Structure

Dna and Protein Synthesis

Protein Structure

Biological Membranes

Passive Transport and Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport: Pumps and Exchangers

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Cell Signaling

ATP Production I: Glycolysis

Atp Production Ii: Tca Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Atp Production Iii: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Amino Acid Oxidation

Origin of the Membrane Potential

The Action Potential

Propagation of the Action Potential

Skeletal Muscle Mechanics

Contractile Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle

Neuromuscular Junction and Ec Coupling

Muscle Energetics Fatigue and Training

Smooth Muscle

Organization of the Nervous System

Cells Synapses and Neurotransmitters

Cutaneous Sensory Systems

Spinal Reflexes

Balance and Control of Movement

the Chemical Senses

Hearing

Vision

Autonomic Nervous System

Overview of the Cv System and Blood

Plasma and Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells and Inflammation

The Heart As a Pump

Cellular Basis of Cardiac Contractility

the Cardiac Function Curve

Vascular Function: Hemodynamics

Microcirculation and Solute Exchange

Regulation of Perfusion

Integration of Cardiac Output and Venous Return

Regulation of Arterial Pressure

Mechanics of Breathing

Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance

Gas Exchange in the Lung

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport

Acid Base Physiology I Bicarbonate Buffers and Respiratory Compensation

Control of Ventilation

Anatomy and Renal Overview

Glomerular Filtration

Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion

Concentration and Dilution of Urine

Mouth and Esophagus

The Stomach

Intestinal and Colonic Motility

Pancreatic and Biliary Secretion

Digestion and Absorption of the Macronutrients

Energy Balance and Regulation of Food Intake

General Principles of Endocrinology

The Thyroid Gland

The Endocrine Pancreas